雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析Word格式文档下载.docx

雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析Word格式文档下载.docx

《雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析Word格式文档下载.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.AUSTRALIA'

SSPORTINGSUCCESS

ATheyplayhard,theyplayoften,andtheyplaytowin.Australiansportsteamswinmorethantheirfairshareoftitles,demolishingrivalswithseemingease.Howdotheydoit?

Abigpartofthesecretisanextensiveandexpensivenetworkofsportingacademiesunderpinnedbyscienceandmedicine.AttheAustralianInstituteofSport（AIS）,hundredsofyoungstersandprosliveandtrainundertheeyesofcoaches.Anotherbody,theAustralianSportsCommission（ASC）,financesprogrammesofexcellenceinatotalof96sportsforthousandsofsportsmenandwomen.Bothprovideintensivecoaching,trainingfacilitiesandnutritionaladvice.

BInsidetheacademies,sciencetakescentrestage.TheAISemploysmorethan100sportsscientistsanddoctors,andcollaborateswithscoresofothersinuniversitiesandresearchcentres.AISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinone-suchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolfers-toothers,suchasswimmingandsquash.Theyarebackedupbytechnicianswhodesigninstrumentstocollectdatafromathletes.Theyallfocusononeaim:

winning.‘Wecan'

twasteourtimelookingatetherealscientificquestionsthatdon'

thelpthecoachworkwithanathleteandimproveperformance,'

saysPeterFricker,chiefofscienceatAIS.

CAlotoftheirworkcomesdowntomeasurement-everythingfromtheexactangleofaswimmer’sdivetothesecond-by-secondpoweroutputofacyclist.Thisdataisusedtowringimprovementsoutofathletes.Thefocusisonindividuals,tweakingperformancestosqueezeanextrahundredthofasecondhere,anextramillimetrethere.Nogainistooslighttobotherwith.It’sthetiny,gradualimprovementsthatadduptoworld-beatingresults.Todemonstratehowthesystemworks,BruceMasonatAISshowsofftheprototypeofa3Danalysistoolforstudyingswimmers.Awire-framemodelofachampionswimmerslicesthroughthewater,herarmsmovinginslowmotion.Lookingside-on,Masonmeasuresthedistancebetweenstrokes.Fromabove,heanalyseshowherspineswivels.Whenfullydeveloped,thissystemwillenablehimtobuildabiomechanicalprofileforcoachestousetohelpbuddingswimmers.Mason'

scontributiontosportalsoincludesthedevelopmentoftheSWAN（SWimmingANalysis）systemnowusedinAustraliannationalcompetitions.Itcollectsimagesfromdigitalcamerasrunningat50framesasecondandbreaksdowneachpartofaswimmer'

sperformanceintofactorsthatcanbeanalysedindividually-strokelength,strokefrequency,averagedurationofeachstroke,velocity,start,lapandfinishtimes,andsoon.Attheendofeachrace,SWANspitsoutdataoneachswimmer

D‘Takealook,'

saysMason,pullingoutasheetofdata.Hepointsoutthedataontheswimmersinsecondandthirdplace,whichshowsthattheonewhofinishedthirdactuallyswamfaster.Sowhydidhefinish35hundredthsofaseconddown?

‘Histurntimeswere44hundredthsofasecondbehindtheotherguy,'

saysMason.‘Ifhecanimproveonhisturns,hecandomuchbetter’ThisisthekindofaccuracythatAISscientists'

researchisbringingtoarangeofsports.

WiththeCooperativeResearchCentreforMicroTechnologyinMelbourne,theyaredevelopingunobtrusivesensorsthatwillbeembeddedinanathlete'

sclothesorrunningshoestomonitorheartrate,sweating,heatproductionoranyotherfactorthatmighthaveanimpactonanathlete'

sabilitytorun.There'

smoretoitthansimplymeasuringperformance.Frickergivestheexampleofathleteswhomaybedownwithcoughsandcolds11or12timesayear.Afteryearsofexperimentation,AlSandtheUniversityofNewcastleinNewSouthWalesdevelopedatestthatmeasureshowmuchoftheimmune-systemproteinimmunoglobulinAispresentinathletes'

saliva.IfIgAlevelssuddenlyfallbelowacertainlevel,trainingiseasedordroppedaltogether.Soon,IgAlevelsstartrisingagain,andthedangerpasses.Sincethetestswereintroduced,AISathletesinallsportshavebeenremarkablysuccessfulatstayinghealthy.

EUsingdataisacomplexbusiness.Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandcoachesstarttopreparetheathletebydevelopinga‘competitionmodel'

basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.‘Youdesignthemodeltomakethattime,'

saysMason.‘Astartofthismuch,eachfree-swimmingperiodhastobethisfast,withacertainstrokefrequencyandstrokelength,withturnsdoneinthesetimes.'

Allthetrainingisthengearedtowardsmakingtheathletehitthosetargets,bothoverallandforeachsegmentoftherace.TechniqueslikethesehavetransformedAustraliaintoarguablytheworld'

smostsuccessfulsportingnation.

FOfcourse,there'

snothi