掘进机外文翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

掘进机外文翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

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掘进机外文翻译@#@英文文献@#@Roadheaderapplicationsinminingandtunnelingindustries@#@H.Copur1,L.Ozdemir2,andJ.Rostami3@#@1GraduateStudent,2DirectorandProfessor,and3AssistantProfessor@#@EarthMechanicsInstitute,ColoradoSchoolofMines,Golden,Colorado,80401@#@ABSTRACT@#@Roadheadersofferauniquecapabilityandflexibilityfortheexcavationofsofttomediumstrengthrockformations,therefore,arewidelyusedinundergroundminingandtunnelingoperations.Acriticalissueinsuccessfulroadheaderapplicationistheabilitytodevelopaccurateandreliableestimatesofmachineproductioncapacityandtheassociatedbitcosts.ThispaperpresentsanddiscussestherecentworkcompletedattheEarthMechanicsInstituteofColoradoSchoolofMinesontheuseofhistoricaldataforuseasaperformancepredictormodel.Themodelisbasedonextensivefielddatacollectedfromdifferentroadheaderoperationsinawidevarietyofgeologicformations.Thepaperalsodiscussesthedevelopmentofthisdatabaseandtheresultantempiricalperformancepredictionequationsderivedtoestimateroadheadercuttingratesandbitconsumption.@#@INTRODUCTION@#@Themorewidespreaduseofthemechanicalexcavationsystemsisatrendsetbyincreasingpressureontheminingandcivilconstructionindustriestomoveawayfromtheconventionaldrillandblastmethodstoimproveproductivityandreducecosts.Theadditionalbenefitsofmechanicalminingincludesignificantlyimprovedsafety,reducedgroundsupportrequirementsandfewerpersonnel.Theseadvantagescoupledwithrecentenhancementsinmachineperformanceandreliabilityhaveresultedinmechanicalminerstakingalargershareoftherockexcavationmarket.@#@Roadheadersarethemostwidelyusedundergroundpartial-faceexcavationmachinesforsofttomediumstrengthrocks,particularlyforsedimentaryrocks.Theyareusedforbothdevelopmentandproductioninsoftrockminingindustry（i.e.mainhaulagedrifts,roadways,cross-cuts,etc.）particularlyincoal,industrialmineralsandevaporiticrocks.Incivilconstruction,theyfindextensiveuseforexcavationoftunnels（railway,roadway,sewer,diversiontunnels,etc.）insoftgroundconditions,aswellasforenlargementandrehabilitationofvariousundergroundstructures.Theirabilitytoexcavatealmostanyprofileopeningalsomakesthemveryattractivetothoseminingandcivilconstructionprojectswherevariousopeningsizesandprofilesneedtobeconstructed.@#@Inadditiontotheirhighmobilityandversatility,roadheadersaregenerallylowcapitalcostsystemscomparedtothemostothermechanicalexcavators.Becauseofhighercuttingpowerdensityduetoasmallercuttingdrum,theyofferthecapabilitytoexcavaterocksharderandmoreabrasivethantheircounterparts,suchasthecontinuousminersandtheborers.@#@ROADHEADERSINLAST50YEARS@#@Roadheaderswerefirstdevelopedformechanicalexcavationofcoalintheearly50s.Today,theirapplicationareashaveexpandedbeyondcoalminingasaresultofcontinualperformanceincreasesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologicaldevelopmentsanddesignimprovements.Themajorimprovementsachievedinthelast50yearsconsistofsteadilyincreasedmachineweight,sizeandcutterheadpower,improveddesignofboom,muckpickupandloadingsystem,moreefficientcutterheaddesign,metallurgicaldevelopmentsincuttingbits,advancesinhydraulicandelectricalsystems,andmorewidespreaduseofautomationandremotecontrolfeatures.Allthesehaveledtodrasticenhancementsinmachinecuttingcapabilities,systemavailabilityandtheservicelife.@#@Machineweightshavereachedupto120tonsprovidingmorestableandstiffer（lessvibration,lessmaintenance）platformsfromwhichhigherthrustforcescanbegeneratedforattackingharderrockformations..Thecutterheadpowerhasincreasedsignificantly,approaching500kWtoallowforhighertorquecapacities.Modernmachineshavetheabilitytocutcross-sectionsover100m2fromastationarypoint.Computeraidedcutterheadlacingdesignhasdevelopedtoastagetoenablethedesignofoptimalbitlayouttoachievethemaximumefficiencyintherockandgeologicconditionstobeencountered.Thecuttingbitshaveevolvedfromsimplechiseltorobustconicalbits.Themuckcollectionandtransportsystemshavealsoundergonemajorimprovements,increasingattainableproductionrates.Theloadingaproncannowbemanufacturedasanextendiblepieceprovidingformoremobilityandflexibility.Themachinescanbeequippedwithrockboltingandautomaticdustsuppressionequipmenttoenhancethesafetyofpersonnelworkingattheheading.Theycanalsobefittedwithlaser-guidedalignmentcontrolsystems,computerprofilecontrollingandremotecontrolsystemsallowingforreducedoperatorsensitivitycoupledwithincreasedefficiencyandproductivity.Figure-1showsapictureofamoderntran