公共英语五级考试试题四十二Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Allergiescauseheapsoftrouble.Somepeoplesufferthenuisanceofseasonalhayfever,snufflingandsneezingaspollenflowsthroughtheair.Othersreacttomaterialssuchasmetals,developingunpleasantrashesattheirverytouch.Andsomesorrysoulsgointoshockatthemerepresenceofcertainfoods,particularlypeanutsandshellfish.
Thecauseineachcaseisanoversensitiveimmunesystemthatisreactingtoharmlessmaterialsaswellastothepathogensitissupposedtobefighting.Thiscreatesannoyingandsometimeslife-threateningsymptoms.Chronicallyover-reactiveimmunesystemsmaynot,though,beanentirelybadthing.Anotherroleplayedbytheimmunesystemistodestroymalignanttumoursbeforetheytakehold—andworkcarriedoutrecentlybyAnnetteWigertzoftheKarolinskaInstitute,inStockholm,andhercolleaguessuggeststhattheimmunesystemsofthosewithallergiesmaybeparticularlygoodatthis.However,inaniceexampleofthewaythatonesetofdataissometimescapableofdivergent—indeed,opposite—interpretations,shemayinsteadhavediscoveredaclueabouthowcancersshutdownimmunesystemsinorderthattheythemselvesmayprosper.
ThisManicheanfindingcameafterDr.Wigertzandherteaminterviewed1,527peoplewithgliomas(atypeofbrainturnout)inDenmark,Finland,Norway,Swedenandthesouth-eastofEngland.Theresearchersaskedthepatientsinquestionwhethertheyhadahistoryofallergies,andthencomparedtheresultswiththosefor3,309otherwisesimilarindividualswhodidnothavebraintumours.AsDr.WigertzreportsintheAmericanJournalofEpidemiology,thetumour-freewere,indeed,morelikelytosufferfromallergies.Thepresenceofanallergywasassociatedwitha30%reductioninthelikelihoodofhavingaglioma.
Thiswasnotallthatsurprising.Previousresearchhaddetectedsimilarinversecorrelationsbetweenallergiesandbraintumours,suggestingthatawelcomesideeffectofallergywasresistancetocancer.Butthisnewstudywentfurther.Itlookedcarefullyatthetimeinthepatients'
liveswhentheirallergieswereactive,anditfoundthatthistimingwascrucial.Dr.Wigertznotedthattheabsenceofallergywascorrelatedwiththetimewhenagliomafirstformed.Thatwastrueeveninpeoplewhohadpreviouslyhadallergieswhichhadthenclearedup.
Awkwardly,thisresultisopentotworatherdifferentinterpretations.Theoptimisticexplanationisthatthehyperactiveimmunesystemassociatedwithallergydoes,indeed,protectagainstturnouts.Inthatcase,thecoincidencewascausedbyturnoutstakingadvantage,asitwere,ofthereducedimmunesurveillancethataccompaniedthedisappearanceoftheallergy.Thesinisterinterpretationisthattumoursaredoingsomethingastheygrowthatsuppressestheimmunesystemandthusallergicreactions.Eitherway,turnoutandlackofallergycoincide.Andeitherway,somethinginterestingisgoingon.ButDr.Wigertz'
sresultillustratestheperilsofleapingtoconclusionsonthebasisofincompletedata.
Whichofthefollowingisadisease?
A
Nuisance.
B
Pollen.
C
Rash.
D
Shock.
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
第2题
Thesecondparagraphsuggeststhatwhathasbeendiscoveredaboutimmunesystemcanbeused
tostrengthenimmunesystem'
scapacitytofightpathogens.
tocreateimmunesystemwithallergies.
tointerpretatethedatacontainedinimmunesystem.
tofindouthowcancersfightimmunesystem.
D
第3题
WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDr.Wigertz'
sstudyisTRUE?
theintervieweesofthestudyarethosewhoaresufferingallergies.
theteamexamined1,527cases.
thereisanegativecorrelationbetweenallergiesandbraintumors.
30%ofthosewhosufferfromgliomaalsosufferfromallergies.
第4题
Thenewstudysurpassesthepreviousoneinthat
itidentifiedsideeffectsofallergies.
itestablishedthatallergycanbecancer-resistant.
itspecifiedthetimewhenallergyisactiveinhumanbody.
itfoundmoreabouthowallergyiscorrelatedwithtumor.
第5题
Dr.Wigertz'
sfindingsuggests
thatallergicreactionscanbeeithergoodorbad.
thatit'
sstillearlytodrawanyconclusion.
thatallergiesmaysuppressthegrowthoftumor.
thattheyarenotquitesureabouttheconsequenceoftheirstudy.
B
第6题
TheawardoftheNobelscienceprizesoftenbringsblinkingintothelimelightpeoplewhohavelabouredunknowntothewiderworld.Seldom,though,istheresuchacompellinghumanstorytogowiththeintellectualoneasthatofMarioCapecchi,oneofthe'
winnersofthemedicineprize.Hisfatherwasanairmanwhowaskilledin