公共英语五级考试试题四十二Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 Allergies cause heaps of trouble. Some people suffer the nuisance of seasonal hay fever, snuffling and sneezing as pollen flows through the air. Others react to materials such as metals, developing unpleasant rashes at their very touch. And some sorry souls go into shock at the mere presence of cer

2、tain foods, particularly peanuts and shellfish.The cause in each case is an oversensitive immune system that is reacting to harmless materials as well as to the pathogens it is supposed to be fighting. This creates annoying and sometimes life-threatening symptoms. Chronically over-reactive immune sy

3、stems may not, though, be an entirely bad thing. Another role played by the immune system is to destroy malignant tumours before they take holdand work carried out recently by Annette Wigertz of the Karolinska Institute, in Stockholm, and her colleagues suggests that the immune systems of those with

4、 allergies may be particularly good at this. However, in a nice example of the way that one set of data is sometimes capable of divergentindeed, oppositeinterpretations, she may instead have discovered a clue about how cancers shut down immune systems in order that they themselves may prosper.This M

5、anichean finding came after Dr. Wigertz and her team interviewed 1,527 people with gliomas （a type of brain turnout） in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the south-east of England. The researchers asked the patients in question whether they had a history of allergies, and then compared the result

6、s with those for 3,309 otherwise similar individuals who did not have brain tumours. As Dr. Wigertz reports in the American Journal of Epidemiology, the tumour-free were, indeed, more likely to suffer from allergies. The presence of an allergy was associated with a 30% reduction in the likelihood of

7、 having a glioma.This was not all that surprising. Previous research had detected similar inverse correlations between allergies and brain tumours, suggesting that a welcome side effect of allergy was resistance to cancer. But this new study went further. It looked carefully at the time in the patie

8、nts lives when their allergies were active, and it found that this timing was crucial. Dr. Wigertz noted that the absence of allergy was correlated with the time when a glioma first formed. That was true even in people who had previously had allergies which had then cleared up.Awkwardly, this result

9、 is open to two rather different interpretations. The optimistic explanation is that the hyperactive immune system associated with allergy does, indeed, protect against turnouts. In that case, the coincidence was caused by turnouts taking advantage, as it were, of the reduced immune surveillance tha

10、t accompanied the disappearance of the allergy. The sinister interpretation is that tumours are doing something as they grow that suppresses the immune system and thus allergic reactions. Either way, turnout and lack of allergy coincide. And either way, something interesting is going on. But Dr. Wig

11、ertzs result illustrates the perils of leaping to conclusions on the basis of incomplete data.Which of the following is a disease?ANuisance.BPollen.CRash.DShock.【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分第2题 The second paragraph suggests that what has been discovered about immune system can be usedto strengthen immune syst

12、ems capacity to fight pathogens.to create immune system with allergies.to interpretate the data contained in immune system.to find out how cancers fight immune system.D第3题 Which of the following statements about Dr. Wigertzs study is TRUE?the interviewees of the study are those who are suffering all

13、ergies.the team examined 1,527 cases.there is a negative correlation between allergies and brain tumors.30% of those who suffer from glioma also suffer from allergies.第4题 The new study surpasses the previous one in thatit identified side effects of allergies.it established that allergy can be cancer

14、-resistant.it specified the time when allergy is active in human body.it found more about how allergy is correlated with tumor.第5题 Dr. Wigertzs finding suggeststhat allergic reactions can be either good or bad.that its still early to draw any conclusion.that allergies may suppress the growth of tumo

15、r.that they are not quite sure about the consequence of their study.B第6题 The award of the Nobel science prizes often brings blinking into the limelight people who have laboured unknown to the wider world. Seldom, though, is there such a compelling human story to go with the intellectual one as that of Mario Capecchi, one of the winners of the medicine prize. His father was an airman who was killed in