英美文学考试教学内容Word文档下载推荐.docx

英美文学考试教学内容Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Epic:

Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.Manyepicsweredrawnfromanoraltraditionandweretransmittedbysongandrecitationbeforetheywerewrittendown.

Romance:

Anyimaginaryliteraturethatdescribedtheidealismworldandthatdealswithheroicandadventuresorbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.IngeneralitwasamedievaltalewhichinvolvewithloversandadventuresofKings,Queens,Knights,andLadies,andincludingsomeunlikelyorsupernaturalismhappenings.

Verse:

Formofwriting,arrangedinlines,eachcontainingapatternofaccentedandunaccentedsyllables,allgroupsoflinesformingaunitofrhymescheme.

JohnDryden:

Englishpoetryanddramatists,alsoconsideredthefatherofEnglishliteraturecriticism,hebecamethePoetLaureatein1668.

BlackVerse:

Blankverseisaversethatiswritteninunrhymediambicpentameter,usedinShakespeare'

sdramasandMilton'

sParadiseLost,isoneofthemostcommonmetricalpatternsinEnglishpoetry.

Gothicnovels—Andfromthemiddleparttotheendofthecenturytherewasalsoanapparentshiftofinterestfromtheclassicliterarytraditiontooriginalityandimagination,fromsocietytoindividual,andfromthedidactictotheconfessional（忏悔的）,inspirationalandprophetic.Gothicnovels—mostlystoriesofmysteryandhorrorwhichtakeplaceinsomehauntedordilapidated（荒废的，破旧的）andMiddleAgecastles—wereturnedoutprofusely（丰富的）bybothmaleandfemalewriters;

workssuchasTheCastleofOtranto（1765）byHoraceWalpole,ThemysteriesofUdolpho（1794）andTheItalian（1797）byMrs.AnnRadcliffe，TheChampionofVirtue，aGothicStory（1777）byClaraReeve,andTheMonk（1796）byM.G.Lewisbecameverypopular.Eulogizing（颂扬，称赞）orlamenting（挽歌，哀掉）lyricsbynaturepoetslikeJamesThomson,WilliamCollins,andWilliamCowper,andbysuchsentimentalists（多愁善感的人）asthe"

GraveyardSchool"

werewidelyread.TheromanticpoemsoftheScottishpeasantpoet,RobertBurnsandWilliamBlakealsojoinedin,pavingthewayfortheflourishofRomanticismearlythenextcentury.

Modernismroseoutofskepticism（怀疑主义）anddisillusion（使醒悟）ofcapitalism（资本主义）.Theappalling（可怕的）shockoftheFirstWorldWarseverelydestroyedpeople'

sfaithintheVictorianvalues;

andtheriseoftheirrational（荒谬的）philosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincited（煽动，激励）writerstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships.

TheFrenchsymbolism（象征主义）,appearinginthelate19thcentury,heralded（预示着，先驱）modernism.AftertheFirstWorldWar,allkindsofliteraturetrendsofmodernismappeared:

expressionism,surrealism,futurism,Dadaism（达达主义崇尚虚无的艺术派别）,imagismandstreamofconsciousness.Towardsthe1920s,thesetrendsconverged（聚合）intoamightytorrentofmodernistmovement,whichsweptacrossthewholeEuropeandAmerica.ThemajorfiguresthatwereassociatedwiththismovementwereKafka,Picasso,Pound,Webern,Eliot,JoyceandVirginiawoolf.Modernismwassomewhatcurbed（抑制）inthe1930s.ButaftertheSecondWorldWar,avarietyofmodernism,orpost-modernism,likeexistentialistliterature,theateroftheabsurd,newnovelsandblackhumor,rosewiththespuroftheexistentialistideathat"

theworldwasabsurd,andthehumanlifewasanagony（苦恼）."

Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted（扭曲的）,alienated（疏远的）andillrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.Themodernistwritersconcentratemoreontheprivatethanonthepublic,moreonthesubjectivethanontheobjective.Theyaremainlyconcernedwiththeinnerbeingofanindividual.Therefore,theypaymoreattentiontothepsychic（精神的，灵魂的）timethanthechronological（按时间顺序的）one.Intheirwritings,thepast,thepresentandthefuturearemingled（混合）togetherandexistatthesametimeintheconsciousnessofanindividual.

Modernismis,inmanyaspects,areactionagainstrealism.Itrejectsrationalism,whichisthetheoreticalbaseofrealism;

itexcludesfromitsmajorconcerntheexternal,objective,materialworld,whichistheonlycreativesourceofrealism;

byadvocatingafreeexperimentation（实验）onnewformsandnewtechniquesinliterarycreation,itcastsawayalmostallthetraditionalelementsinliteraturesuchasstory,plot,character,chronologicalnarration,etc.,whichareessentialtorealism.Asaresult,theworkscreatedbythemodernistwritersareoftenlabeledasanti-novel,anti-poetryandanti-drama.

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TheperiodofOldEnglishliteratureextendsfromabout450to1066,theyearoftheNormanconquestofEngland.TheGermanictribesfromtheNorthernEuropebroughtwiththemnotonlytheAnglo-Saxonlang