学年高一升高二暑期周计划之说明文训练一Word文档下载推荐.docx

学年高一升高二暑期周计划之说明文训练一Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Nothingsucceedslikesuccess,aseveryparentofastraight-Astudentknows,buttryingtostressacademicexcellencebytellingyourchild,“You’resosmart!

”maybecounterproductive.Why?

Accordingtoa2017study,childrenwhothinktheirintelligenceisfixedarelesslikelytopayattentiontoandbounceback（重新振作）frommistakesthanchildrenwhothinkintelligencecangrowandchange.

Inthestudy,researcherslookedat123children.Theteamassessedthechildrentodeterminewhethertheyhada“growthmindset”（believingthatyoucanworkhardertogetsmarter）,ora“fixedmindset”（believingthatyourintelligenceisunabletochange）.Theythenaskedthechildrentocompleteafast-pacedcomputeraccuracytaskwhiletheirbrainactivitywasrecorded.Duringtherecording,researchersnotedthatbrainactivitystoppedwithinahalf-secondaftermakingamistake,aschildrenbecameawareoftheirmistakeandpaidcloserattentiontowhatwentwrong.Thelargerthebrainresponsewas,themorethechildfocusedonthemistake.Basedonthedata,theyconcludedthatchildrenwitha“growthmindset”weremuchmorelikelytohavealargerbrainresponseaftermakingamistake.Whilechildrenwitha“fixedmindset”wereableto“bounceback”,onlyiftheygavetheirfullattentiontothemistake.

Forparents,thelessonsareclear.Don’tpayyourchildrencomplimentsthatsuggestthatintelligenceisfixed.IfyourchildhandsyouanA+score,don’tsay,“You’resosmart!

”Instead,say,“Wow,thatstudyingreallypaidoff!

”or“Youclearlymasteredthismaterial-waytogo!

”Notetheeffort,nottheintelligence.

Besides,manyparentshyawayfromaddressingachild’smistakes,tellingthem“It’sOK.”You’llgetitnexttime.”withoutofferingthemthechancestofigureoutwhatgoeswrong.Instead,it’sbettertoreassureyourchildrenthatmistakeshappen,andworktofigureoutwhereandhowtheymakethemistake.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterproductive”underlinedinparagraph1?

A.OppositeB.CompetitiveC.SuccessfulD.Unknown

2.Howdidthechildrenwitha“growthmindset”reactinthestudy?

A.Theymadefewermistakes.

B.Theytriedtoavoidmistakes

C.Theyhadsmallerbrainresponse

D.Theyfocusedmoreonthemistake.

3.Whatshouldparentssaywhenchildrenmakeamistakeaccordingtothetext?

A.Youaresocareless

B.Payingcomplimentstochildren

C.You’llgetitthenexttime

D.Let’sfindouthowyoumadeit.

4.Whatshouldbeavoidedaccordingtothestudy?

A.Overstressingtheintelligence.

B.Paycomplimenttochildren.

C.Addressingchildren’smistakes.

D.Offeringchancestofindmistakes.

参考答案：

ADDA

（B）

Withtheweathergettinghot,bitescausedbymosquitoesnotonlyannoypeople,butcanresultinmanyinfectiousdiseases.Evenwhenpeoplewearlongclothes,mosquitoes’complexbitingmechanismenablesthemtobitesomeofthemthrough.

Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletelypreventpeoplefromgettingbitten.Researcherstestedgraphene（石墨烯）,amaterialthatisincrediblythinbutreallystrong,inordertofindoutifitcanmakeclothingresistanttomosquitoes.

Inthelabexperiment,volunteersexposedasmallpatchofskinontheirarmorhandtoroughly100mosquitoesforfiveminutesatatime.Researcherstestedthreedifferentsituations:

volunteerswearingnoprotection,wearingcheesecloth（薄纱棉布）,orwearingcheeseclothplusathingraphenelayerunderit.

Avideocamerawasthenusedtorecordandquantifymosquitoes’behavior,includingwhethertheylandedontheskin,howlongtheystayedthere,andwhethertheybegantosuckblood.Thenumberofbiteseachvolunteergotwasalsocalculatedbasedonhowmanyswellingsdevelopedontheirskinafterward.Finally,researchersdroppedalittlewaterorsweatontopofthegraphenelayerandstudiedtheconsequence,andtheyalsotestedaslightlydifferentgraphenelayercalled“reducedgraphene”.

Asaresult,thenumberofmosquitobitesonnakedskinwasthehighest,about16onaverage;

skinonlyprotectedbycheeseclothgotthesecond,approximately10perfiveminutes’exposure.Theexcitingfindingwasthattherewasnoswellingdevelopingonskincoveredbythethingraphenelayerundercheesecloth,whichmeansthematerialiseffectiveatpreventingmosquitobites.Themosquitoeslandedonskintotallyuncoveredorcoveredincheeseclothabout23timesonaverage,andstayedforonetotwominutes.Comparatively,themosquitoeslandedonskincoveredinthegraphenelayerfewerthan10times,andthelengthoftheirstaywasmuchshorter.Besides,waterorsweatcanruinthegraphenelayer,whichallowsmosquitoestobitethroughit.Butfortunately,thenumberofmosquitobitesineitherdryorwetconditionscanbeloweredaslongasthegraphenematerialisimprovedtoacertainextenti