英语国家的社会的与文化的入门 课后题解答Word格式.docx

英语国家的社会的与文化的入门 课后题解答Word格式.docx

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Whatdoyouknowaboutit?

Inwhatwayisthe“Empire〞stillfeltinBritainandintheinternationalfield?

TheBritishEmpireprisedthedominions,colonies,protectorates,mandates,andotherterritoriesruledoradministeredbytheUnitedKingdom,thathadoriginatedwiththeoverseascoloniesandtradingpostsestablishedbyEnglandinthelate16thandearly17thcenturies.

Intheinternationalfield,Britainhasgreatvoiceinpolitics,economyandcultureandsoon.

2.

WhyimpossibletosumupBritishpeoplewithafewsimplephrases:

TheUKismadeupofdifferentelements.Itincludes4partswithintheonenation-state.Itisnowamultiracialsocietywithdifferentreligionbelieves.Itisdividedeconomicallyanditisasocietywithaclass-structure.Andwithineachofthefourcountriestherearedifferentregions.Sincethiscountrywassoplicatedbothinhistoryorhumanity,itisimpossibletosumuptheirpeople.

3.

Ahistoryofinvasions:

（1）Beforethe1stcenturyADBritainwasmadeupoftribalkindomsofCelticpeople.TheybroughtthecentralEuropenculturetoBritain.Thenin43AD,RomanEmpireinvadedBritainandcontrolleditforslavesocietybutalsodisseminatedtheirCatholicism.

（2）However,inthe5thcentury,theRomanEmpirerapidlywanedinpowerandBritainwasconqueredbytheAnglesandtheSaxons.InordertodefendtheSaxons,agreatleader—KingArthurappeared.Hecreatedthe"

roundtable"

tosatisfyalltheknights'

requirementofhavingequalprecedence.ThusitgraduallyformedthemonarchyinBritainasamoredemocraticsystem.WhetherArthur'

sarealpersoninthehistoryornot,Anglo-SaxonsdidsucceedininvadingBritainandtheyweretheforefathersoftheEnglish.（3）Inthe8thcentury,theVikingsfromDenmarkcontrolledthenothernandeasternEngland.AAnglo-Saxonherio,kingAlfredtheGreatfoughtagainstthevikingswiththetrulyEnglish.Andthat'

swhythere'

sacertainculturaldifferencebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinEngland（4）Later,theNomansfromnorthernFrance,undertheleadingofWilliamofNormandy,killedthekingandWilliambecametheFristofEngland.TheyimportedarullingclassthatFrench-speakingNormanaristocracyrulledSaxonandEnglish-speakingpopulation.Inthiscondition,thereweren'

talotofrebellionsamongtheEnglishpeople.ThatdirectlyformedanEnglishuniquecharacter:

arichlyunconventionalinteriorlifehiddenbyanexternalconformity.Eventoday,wecanstillfindthispersonalityfromtheBritishpeoplethroughtheirlifestyles.

Howdidtheyinfluenceculture:

[接着上边一起看]

（2）alotofstoriesofKingArthur,whichbroughtalotofsingers,poets,novelistsandfilmmakers.Placesassociatedwithhislegend.RoundtablewasweenasanindicatorofthewayinwhichtheEnglishhavewishedtoseetheirmonarchassomethingotherthanaremotedictator.（3）anglo-saxoninvadersweretheforefathersoftheEnglish.ByVikings'

settlementstheEnlishheroesweretrulyEnglish.Thereremainstothisdayacertainculturaldividebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinengland.（4）NormanaristocracyrulingalargelySaxonandEnglish-speakingpopulation.thelegendofRobinHood.

4.

GeneralcharacteristicofScotland:

Scotlandisthesecondlargestofthefournations,bothinpopulationandingeographicalarea.Itisalsothemostconfidentofitsownidentitybecausealoneamongstthenon-EnglishponentsoftheUKithaspreviouslyspentasubstantialperiodofhistoryasaunifiedstateindependentoftheUK.

（1）rugged.

（2）notconqueredbytheRomans（3）maintainitsseparatepoliticalidentityformorethanahundredyears.（4）eagerforindependence.

HowScotlandbecamepartoftheunionofGreatBritain:

in1707byagreementoftheEnglishandScottishparliaments,ScotlandjoinedtheUnion.In1745therewasabrutalmilitaryresponsefromtheBritisharmy.TherebelarmywasdestroyedatthebattleofCullodeninnorthernScotland.

5.

DescribeWalesandtheunificationwithBritain:

（1）waleswasanimportantelementinBritain'

sindustrialrevolution,asithadrichcoaldeposits.Itissuccessfulinattractinginvestmentfromabroad.WaleshasbeendominatedbyEnglandforlongerthantheothernationsoftheunion.Despitethisnearnessandlong-standingpoliticalintegrationWalesretainsapowerfulsenseofitsdifferencefromEngland.

（2）WaleshasbeendominatedbyEnglandforlongerthantheothernationsoftheunion.Despitethisnearnessandlong-standingpoliticalintegrationWalesretainsapowerfulsenseofitsdifferencefromEngland.In1536,waleswasbroughtlegally,administratively,andpoliticallyintotheUKbyanactoftheBritishparliament.Thiscloselong-standingrelationshipmeansthatmodernwaleslackssomeoftheoutwardsignsofdifferencewhichScotlandpossesses---itslegalsystem