完整word版英语修辞手法总结双语推荐文档文档格式.docx

完整word版英语修辞手法总结双语推荐文档文档格式.docx

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（明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic（特性）incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.

2）Metaphor：

（暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage.

3）Analogy:

（类比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.

4）Personification:

（拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes（赋予）toinanimate（无生命的）objects,ortoideasandabstractions（抽象）.Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.

5）Hyperbole:

（夸张）Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing.

6）Understatement:

（含蓄陈述）Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately（故意地）understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter.

7）Euphemism:

（委婉）Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive（无冒犯）expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"

die"

as"

passaway"

.

8）Metonymy（转喻）Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,thepen（words）ismightierthanthesword（forces）.

9）Synecdoche（提喻）Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Forinstance,theysaythere'

sbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks.

10）Antonomasia（换喻）Ithasalsotodowithsubstitution.Itisnotoftenmentionednow,thoughitisstillinfrequentuse.Forexample,Solomonforawiseman.Danielforawiseandfairjudge.Judasforatraitor.

11）Pun:

（双关语）Itisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.Forinstance,acannon-balltookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.（Here"

arms"

hastwomeanings:

aperson'

sbody;

weaponscarriedbyasoldier.）

12）Syllepsis:

（一语双叙）

Ithastwoconnotations.

Inthefirstcase,itisafigurebywhichaword,oraparticularformorinflectionofaword,referstotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,whileproperlyapplyingtooragreeingwithonlyonofthemingrammarorsyntax（句法）.Forexample,Headdressedyouandme,anddesiredustofollowhim.（Hereusisusedtorefertoyouandme.）

Inthesecondcase,itawordmayrefertotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence.Forexample,whilehewasfighting,andlosinglimbandmind,anddying,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.（Heretolosingone'

slimbsinliteral;

toloseone'

smindisfigurative,andmeanstogomad.）

13）Zeugma:

（轭式搭配）Itisasinglewordwhichismadetomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,witherproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem,orapplyingtothemindifferentsenses.Forexample,Thesunshallnotburnyoubyday,northemoonbynight.（Herenoonisnotstrongenoughtoburn）

14）Irony:

（反语）Itisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Forinstance,wearelucky,whatyousaidmakesmefeelrealgood.

15）Innuendo:

（暗讽）Itisamildformofirony,hintinginaratherroundabout（曲折）wayatsomethingdisparaging（不一致）oruncomplimentary（不赞美）tothepersonorsubjectmentioned.Forexample,theweathermansaiditwouldbeworm.Hemusttakehisreadingsinabathroom.

16）Sarcasm:

（讽刺）ItSarcasmisastrongformofirony.Itattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,anditsaimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked.Forexample,lawsarelikecobwebs,whichmaycatchsmallflies,butletwaspsbreakthrough.

17）Paradox:

（似非而是的隽语）Itisafigureofspeechconsistingofastatementorpropositionwhichonthefaceofitseemsself-contradictory,absurdorcontrarytoestablishedfactorpractice,butwhichonfurtherthinkingandstudymayprovetobetrue,well-founded,andeventocontainasuccinct