研究生阅读库Word下载.docx

研究生阅读库Word下载.docx

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研究生阅读库研究生阅读库Passage1Squashed压扁的压碎的Eyeballs眼球AreaDangerforAstronauts（426关明俐）Spaceisnotgoodforyoureyesunlessyouarenearsighted近视,inwhichcaseitmighthelpabit.Tripstoweightlessness失重状态cansquashtheeyeballsofastronauts,swell膨胀肿胀theopticnerves视神经andblurvision使视力模糊不清changesthatoftenpersist存留longaftertheastronautsreturntoweightboundEarth.ThatisonemorehealtheffectthatNASA美国国家航空和宇宙航行局willhavetoworryaboutbeforeastronautsventure冒险fartheroutintothesolarsystem太阳系.“Whenyouretalkingaboutmissions任务thatmightbetwoyearsroundtrip往返旅行,ithastobeinthebackofyourmindthatthiscouldbeapotentiallimitingfactor,”saidDr.LarryA.Kramer,aprofessorofdiagnosticimagingandinterventionattheUniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratHouston.Dr.Kramerandhiscolleagueshaveputmorethan35astronautsintohigh-resolution高分辨率magneticresonanceimagingmachines核磁共振显像.ThismonthinthejournalRadiology放射学,theyreportedtheirfindingsonthefirst27astronautstheyexamined.Fourofthe27hadsomeswellingaroundtheopticnerve.Insevenoftheastronauts,thebackofoneorbothoftheeyeballswassomewhatflattened有点扁平.Thoseabnormalities异常情况,Dr.Kramersaid,resemble类似thoseinpatientsonterrafirma陆地whohaveaconditioninwhichfluidpressureincreasesintheskull脑壳andpressesagainst挤压theeyes.Dr.Kramersaidhesuspectedincreasedpressurewasattheheartoftheproblemfortheastronauts,too.Withoutthedownwardpullofgravity向下的重力,fluidsinthebodyshift移动higherinthebody,includinginsidetheskull.（Itis,however,tooearlytoruleout把。

@#@排除othercauses,hesaid,liketheincreasedradiation辐射thatastronautsexperiencewhileinorbit轨道.）Theflatteningoftheeyesiseasilycompensatedfor补偿byeyeglasses,andnearsightedpeoplebecomelessnearsighted.ButtheM.R.I.scansalsorevealedlittleripples波纹inthebackoftheeyesofsomeoftheastronauts,distorting扭曲使失真theirvisioninawaythat“wouldbemoredisconcerting令人不安的tous,”Dr.Kramersaid.Theswelling,ifuntreated,coulddamagevision,possiblyevenleadingtoblindness.Theastronautswhohadspentlongertimeinspaceexhibited表现出moreabnormalities,althoughsomeofthosewhohadfloated漂浮inspaceforlessthanamonthalsohadeyechanges.NASAisnowtakingmeasurementsoftheeyeballsofallnewastronautsitselectsandbeforeandaftereachflight.“Thisisalifelong终身的healthissueforastronautsthattheyregoingtobefollowing,”Dr.Kramersaid.Butsincemissionsbeyondlow-Earthorbit近地轨道aremorethanadecadeaway,NASAhastimetofigureoutsolutions.Drugstoalleviate减轻缓和thepressureareonepossibility.Amoretechnologicallychallengingsolutionwouldbetospin旋转interplanetary行星间的spacecraft航天器togenerateartificialgravity人造重力forthecrew工作人员.“NASAdoesnotcurrentlythinkthatthevisionproblemwillpreclude妨碍阻止long-duration长期humanspacemissions,”saidDr.RichardWilliams,NASAschiefhealthandmedicalofficer,addingthatthevisionchangeshavesofarhadnoeffectontheabilityofastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationtocompletetheirmissions.在太空失重的情况下，对宇航员的眼睛具有一定的危害。

@#@Passage2WhentheGoodDoBad（320秦爱霞）Itsalwaysinterestingtoreadthequotations价目估价单行情ofpeoplewhoknewamassmurderer谋杀犯beforehekilled.Theyusuallyexpresscompletebafflement阻碍迷惑thatapersonwhoseemedsokindandnormalcoulddosomethingsohorrific可怕的.FriendsofRobertBales,whoisaccusedof被指控massacring残杀16Afghancivilians阿富汗平民,haveexpressedsimilarthoughts.Friendsandteachersdescribehimascaring有同情心的,gregarious爱交际的andself-confidentbeforeheinthevague不明确的metaphor比喻说法ofcommonusage习惯用语apparently“snapped.”AsonechildhoodfriendtoldTheTimes:

@#@“ThatsnotourBobby警察.Somethinghorrible,horriblehadtohappentohim.”Anyofuswouldbeshockedifsomeoneweknewandadmiredkilledchildren.Butthesedaysitsespeciallyhardtothinkthroughthesesituationsbecauseoftheworldviewthatprevails盛行流行inourculture.Accordingtothisview,mostpeoplearenaturallygood,becausenatureisgood.Themonstrositiesoftheworldarecausedbythefewpeople（likeHitlerorIdiAmin）whoarefundamentallywarpedandevil.Thisworldviewgivesusaneasyconscience道德心良心,becausewedonthavetocontemplate沉思theevilinourselves.Butwhensomebodywhoseemsmostlygooddoessomethingcompletelyawful,wererendered提出宣布mute沉默orconfused.Butofcourseithappensallthetime.Thatsbecauseevenpeoplewhocontainreservoirsofcompassion同情andneighborlinessalsopossess控制持有alatent潜在的potential潜能tocommitmurder.DavidBussoftheUniversityofTexasaskedhisstudentsiftheyhadeverthoughtseriouslyaboutkillingsomeone,andifso,towriteouttheirhomicidal杀人的fantasiesinanessay.Hewasastonished吃惊的tofindthat91percentofthemenand84percentofthewomenhaddetailed,vividhomicidalfantasi