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1、 研究生阅读库研究生阅读库 Passage 1 Squashed 压扁的压碎的 Eyeballs 眼球 Are a Danger for Astronauts（4 26 关明俐）Space is not good for your eyes unless you are nearsighted 近视,in which case it might help a bit.Trips to weightlessness失重状态 can squash the eyeballs of astronauts,swell膨胀肿胀 the optic nerves视神经 and blur vision使视力模

2、糊不清 changes that often persist 存留 long after the astronauts return to weightbound Earth.That is one more health effect that NASA 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局 will have to worry about before astronauts venture冒险 farther out into the solar system太阳系.“When youre talking about missions任务 that might be two years round t

3、rip 往返旅行,it has to be in the back of your mind that this could be a potential limiting factor,”said Dr.Larry A.Kramer,a professor of diagnostic imaging and intervention at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.Dr.Kramer and his colleagues have put more than 35 astronauts into high

4、-resolution高分辨率 magnetic resonance imaging machines 核磁共振显像.This month in the journal Radiology放射学,they reported their findings on the first 27 astronauts they examined.Four of the 27 had some swelling around the optic nerve.In seven of the astronauts,the back of one or both of the eyeballs was somew

5、hat flattened 有点扁平.Those abnormalities异常情况,Dr.Kramer said,resemble 类似 those in patients on terra firma陆地 who have a condition in which fluid pressure increases in the skull 脑壳 and presses against 挤压 the eyes.Dr.Kramer said he suspected increased pressure was at the heart of the problem for the astro

6、nauts,too.Without the downward pull of gravity 向下的重力,fluids in the body shift 移动 higher in the body,including inside the skull.（It is,however,too early to rule out 把。#排除 other causes,he said,like the increased radiation 辐射 that astronauts experience while in orbit 轨道.）The flattening of the eyes is e

7、asily compensated for 补偿 by eyeglasses,and nearsighted people become less nearsighted.But the M.R.I.scans also revealed little ripples波纹 in the back of the eyes of some of the astronauts,distorting 扭曲使失真 their vision in a way that“would be more disconcerting 令人不安的 to us,”Dr.Kramer said.The swelling,

8、if untreated,could damage vision,possibly even leading to blindness.The astronauts who had spent longer time in space exhibited 表现出 more abnormalities,although some of those who had floated 漂浮 in space for less than a month also had eye changes.NASA is now taking measurements of the eyeballs of all

9、new astronauts it selects and before and after each flight.“This is a lifelong 终身的 health issue for astronauts that theyre going to be following,”Dr.Kramer said.But since missions beyond low-Earth orbit 近地轨道 are more than a decade away,NASA has time to figure out solutions.Drugs to alleviate 减轻缓和 th

10、e pressure are one possibility.A more technologically challenging solution would be to spin 旋转 interplanetary行星间的 spacecraft 航天器 to generate artificial gravity 人造重力 for the crew 工作人员.“NASA does not currently think that the vision problem will preclude 妨碍阻止 long-duration长期 human space missions,”said

11、Dr.Richard Williams,NASAs chief health and medical officer,adding that the vision changes have so far had no effect on the ability of astronauts on the International Space Station to complete their missions.在太空失重的情况下，对宇航员的眼睛具有一定的危害。#Passage 2 When the Good Do Bad（3 20 秦爱霞）Its always interesting to r

12、ead the quotations 价目估价单行情 of people who knew a mass murderer谋杀犯 before he killed.They usually express complete bafflement 阻碍迷惑 that a person who seemed so kind and normal could do something so horrific可怕的.Friends of Robert Bales,who is accused of 被指控 massacring 残杀 16 Afghan civilians阿富汗平民,have expr

13、essed similar thoughts.Friends and teachers describe him as caring有同情心的,gregarious爱交际的 and self-confident before he in the vague不明确的 metaphor比喻说法 of common usage习惯用语 apparently“snapped.”As one childhood friend told The Times:#“Thats not our Bobby 警察.Something horrible,horrible had to happen to him.”

14、Any of us would be shocked if someone we knew and admired killed children.But these days its especially hard to think through these situations because of the worldview that prevails盛行流行 in our culture.According to this view,most people are naturally good,because nature is good.The monstrosities of t

15、he world are caused by the few people（like Hitler or Idi Amin）who are fundamentally warped and evil.This worldview gives us an easy conscience 道德心良心,because we dont have to contemplate沉思 the evil in ourselves.But when somebody who seems mostly good does something completely awful,were rendered 提出宣布

16、mute沉默 or confused.But of course it happens all the time.Thats because even people who contain reservoirs of compassion 同情 and neighborliness also possess 控制持有 a latent 潜在的 potential 潜能 to commit murder.David Buss of the University of Texas asked his students if they had ever thought seriously about killing someone,and if so,to write out their homicidal 杀人的 fantasies in an essay.He was astonished 吃惊的 to find that 91 percent of the men and 84 percent of the women had detailed,vivid homicidal fantasi