Chapter-5-MeaningPPT课件下载推荐.ppt

Chapter-5-MeaningPPT课件下载推荐.ppt

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,Thesubjectconcerningthestudyofmeaningiscalledsemantics.Morespecifically,semanticsisthestudyofthemeaningoflinguisticunits,wordsandsentenceinparticular.（P.105）,5.1MeaningsofMeaning（p.105）（“意义”的意义）,Haveyoueverbeenaskedsuchquestions:

Doyouknowthemeaningoftheword?

Canyoutellmethemeaningoftheword?

Youarealwaysrequiredtodothefollowingthing:

Trytorememberthemeaningoftheword.Lookupthemeaningofthewordinthedictionary.Whatdopeoplemeanby“meaning”?

G.Leech,Leech,G.1974.Semantics:

TheStudyofMeaning.Harmondsworth:

Penguin.Inthisbook,hestudiedandrecognized7typesofmeanings.LookatTable5-1onpage106.,1.Conceptualmeaning（概念意义）,Conceptualmeaningisoftendescribedasdictionarymeaningorliteralmeaningofaword.Itisalsoknownasthesurfacemeaning.Itisrelativelyconstantandstable,becauseitisthemeaningagreeduponbyallthemembersofthesamespeechcommunity.Forexample:

Woman:

anadultfemalewhoisbipedandhasawombDog:

afour-leggedanimalwhichcanmakethesoundofbarking,2.Connotativemeaning（内涵意义）,Theimplicationofwords,apartfromitsprimarymeaning;

anideathatawordmakesyouthinkof,ratherthantheactualmeaning;

Lookattheprevioustwowordsagain:

gregarious,subjecttoinstinct,capableofspeech,experiencedincookery,skirtordresswearing,gentle,compassionate,sensitive,hard-working,frail,emotional,pronetotears,inconstantDog:

loyaltoowner,fierce,violent,Lookatthefollowingexamples:

Tomisapig.（像猪一样的家伙，脏，贪吃）Thatfellowisatiger.（像老虎一样本性凶残的人）Mother:

（抚爱，亲切，体贴）Home:

（温暖，温馨，舒适）Fox:

（狡猾）Lamb:

（温顺）Peoplepayattentiontothecharacteristicsandpropertiesofacertainperson,thingorobject.,3.Socialmeaning（社会意义）,Socialmeaningiswhatapieceoflanguageconveysaboutthesocialcircumstancesofitsuse.Whoisusingthelanguage?

-userWhereislanguageused?

-settingWhatarelanguageuserstalkingandwritingabout?

-topic,Dialect:

thelanguageofageographicalregionorofasocialclass.Time:

thelanguageofthe18thc.,etc.Province:

languageoflaw,ofscience,ofadvertising,etc.Status:

polite,colloquial,slang,etc.Modality:

languageofmemoranda,lectures,jokes,etc.Singularity:

thestyleofDickens,etc.,Lookatthefollowingwords:

domicile:

veryformal,officialresidence:

formalabode:

poetichome:

generalsteed:

poetichorse:

generalnag:

slanggee-gee:

babylanguage,Lookatthefollowingexamples:

Peopleusethewordsindifferentsituations:

Salt:

（Wouldyoupleasepassmethesalt.）Sodiumchloride:

（Ineedsomesodiumchloride.）Studentshavecomeacrossthewordswhichstandforwhatpeopledoinordertomakealiving.Job:

Ineedtofindajob.Occupation:

Pleasestateyourname,ageandoccupation.Profession:

Shewasattheverytopofherprofession.Trade:

Heworksintheretailtrade.,4.Affective/emotionalmeaning（感情意义）,Peopleuselanguagetoexpresstheirfeelingsandattitudes.Itreferstothatpartofmeaningwhichconveysemotionsandattitudesofalanguageuser.Sometimesaffectivemeaningsarebroughtoutonlyincontext.,Lookatthefollowingexamples:

（1）Iamfirm.Youareobstinate.Heisapig-headedfool.

（2）YouthsvsYoungsters（3）skinny,well-built,slender,plump,thin,fat,slim（4）politician,statesman,Lookatthefollowingexamples:

Youreavicioustyrantandavillainousreprobate,andIhateyouforit!

Imterriblysorrytointerrupt,butIwonderifyouwouldbesokindastoloweryourvoicesalittle.orWillyoubeltup.,“Colorful”Meaning,Commendatorytough-mindedresolute,firmshrewdchildlikewisemanmanofusualtalentportly,stout,solid,plumslender,slim,Derogatoryruthlessobstinatesly,craftychildishwiseguyfreakfleshy,fat,tubbylean,skinny,lanky,weedy,scraggy,5.Reflectedmeaning（联想意义）,Whatiscommunicatedthroughassociationwithanothersenseofthesameexpression.Reflectedmeaningarisesincasesofmultipleconceptualmeaning,whenonesenseofawordformspartofourresponsetoanothersense.,Lookatthefollowingexample:

Whenyouhearclickthemousetwice,youthinkofGerrybeinghittwicebyTomsoyoufeelexcited.,Lookatthefollowingexample:

Whatdolawyersdoaftertheydie?

Theyliestill./Theystilllie.Whatdopeoplemeanby“lie”?

6.Collocativemeaning（搭配意义）,Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresonaccountofthemeaningsofwordswhichtendtooccurinitsenvironment.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbythewordsthatgobeforeorcomeafterawordinquestion.,Lookatthefollowingexamples:

prettygirl，prettywoman，prettyflowers，prettygarden，prettyvillage;

handsomeboy，handsomeman，handsomecar，handsomevessel，handsomeovercoat，handsomeairliner，handsometypewriter;

Doyouusethefollowingtwophrases?

handsomewoman,prettywoman