直接引语和间接引语的区别Word文档下载推荐.docx

直接引语和间接引语的区别Word文档下载推荐.docx

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“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.——>

MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.

3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。

如：

Shesaidtoherson,“I'

llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”——>

Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.

4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：

Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?

”——>

HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.

总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。

2、时态的转换

直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：

直接引语　　　　间接引语

一般现在时　　一般过去时

一般过去时　　过去完成时

现在进行时　　过去进行时

现在完成时　　过去完成时

过去完成时　　过去完成时

过去进行时　　过去进行时

一般将来时　　过去将来时

例如：

“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.——>

Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.

Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”——>

Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.

Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?

MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.

Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?

HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.

“Whydidsherefusetogothere?

”theteacherasked.——>

Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.

Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?

Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”——>

Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.

Hesaid，“Ihaven'

theardfrommyparentsthesedays.”——>

Hesaidthathehadn'

theardfromhisparentsthosedays.

3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况

1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：

Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——>

Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.

2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：

Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”——>

Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.

3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：

Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——>

Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.

4）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：

Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——>

Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.

5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：

Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——>

Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：

Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——>

Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.

7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时，如：

Thedoctorsaid,“You'

dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——>

ThedoctorsaidI'

dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.

Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”——>

Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.

Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”——>

Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.

Theteachersaid,“Youneedn'

thandinyourcompositionstoday.”——>

Theteachersaidweneedn'

t/didn'

tneedto/didn'

thavetohandinourcompositions.

Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?

”——>

Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.

〔注〕：

此处用hadto代替must更好

8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。

Teacher:

Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.

Student:

Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?

Monitor:

Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.

4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化

1）时间状语：

直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语

now（then）；

tomorrow（thenext/followingday）

today（thatday）；

nextweek（thenext/followingweek/month/year）

yesterday（thedaybefore）twodaysago（twodaysbefore）

lastweek/month/year（theweek/month/yearbefore）thisweek/month/year（thatweek/month/year）

2）指示代词：

these变成those

3）地点状语：

here变成there

Shesaid,“Iwon'

tcomehereanymore.”——>

Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore..

4）动词：

come变成go，bring变成take

5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化

1）陈述句。

用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。

主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,如：

Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——>

HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.

Hesaid,“I'

llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>

HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可说toldthat）

此外主句中的谓语还常有：

repeat,whisper,answer,reply,exp