托福阅读真题解析Word文档格式.docx

托福阅读真题解析Word文档格式.docx

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TOPIC美国地理对经济的影响

讲落基山对美国经济的影响，主要是水分与土质，产生了有个大平原；

后来又提到风吹来了其他地方的优质土壤。

还提到冻土层tundra的影响。

后面又讲了了几个方面，包括农业、开采矿物等。

解析：

本文属于地质学和经济学话题交叉的文章，主要谈及美国地理情况。

本文考生回忆普遍较少，文章相对较难，同时很多同学反馈说第一段非常长，造成阅读困难。

面对这一情况，建议大家在考试中灵活调整做题顺序，尤其是在刚刚开考时遇到长段落导致阅读压力较大时，可选择暂时跳过，先做后面题目，通过文章前后之间的关联给自己更多提示。

TheRockyMountains

TheRockyMountains,commonlyknownastheRockies,areamajormountainrangeinwesternNorthAmerica.TheRockyMountainsstretchmorethan3,000miles（4,830km）fromthenorthernmostpartofBritishColumbia,inwesternCanada,toNewMexico,inthesouthwesternUnitedStates.WithintheNorthAmericanCordillera,theRockiesaresomewhatdistinctfromthePacificCoastRangesandtheCascadeRangeandSierraNevadawhichallliefarthertothewest.

EconomicresourcesoftheRockyMountainsarevariedandabundant.MineralsfoundintheRockyMountainsincludesignificantdepositsofcopper,gold,lead,molybdenum,silver,tungsten,andzinc.TheWyomingBasinandseveralsmallerareascontainsignificantreservesofcoal,naturalgas,oilshale,andpetroleum.Forexample,theClimaxmine,locatednearLeadville,Colorado,wasthelargestproducerofmolybdenumintheworld.Molybdenumisusedinheat-resistantsteelinsuchthingsascarsandplanes.TheClimaxmineemployedover3,000workers.TheCoeurd'

AlenemineofnorthernIdahoproducessilver,lead,andzinc.Canada'

slargestcoalminesarenearFernie,BritishColumbiaandSparwood,BritishColumbia;

additionalcoalminesexistnearHinton,Alberta,andintheNorthernRockiessurroundingTumblerRidge,BritishColumbia.

AbandonedmineswiththeirwakesofminetailingsandtoxicwastesdottheRockyMountainlandscape.Inonemajorexample,eightyyearsofzincminingprofoundlypollutedtheriverandbanknearEagleRiverinnorth-centralColorado.Highconcentrationsofthemetalcarriedbyspringrunoffharmedalgae,moss,andtroutpopulations.Aneconomicanalysisofminingeffectsatthissiterevealeddecliningpropertyvalues,degradedwaterquality,andthelossofrecreationalopportunities.Theanalysisalsorevealedthatcleanupoftherivercouldyield$2.3millioninadditionalrevenuefromrecreation.In1983,theformerownerofthezincminewassuedbytheColoradoAttorneyGeneralforthe$4.8millioncleanupcosts;

fiveyearslater,ecologicalrecoverywasconsiderable.

TheRockyMountainscontainseveralsedimentarybasinsthatarerichincoalbedmethane.Coalbedmethaneisnaturalgasthatarisesfromcoal,eitherthroughbacterialaction,orthroughexposuretohightemperature.Coalbedmethanesupplies7percentofthenaturalgasusedintheUnitedStates.ThelargestcoalbedmethanesourcesintheRockyMountainsareintheSanJuanBasininNewMexicoandColoradoandthePowderRiverBasininWyoming.Thesetwobasinsareestimatedtocontain38trillioncubicfeetofgas.Coalbedmethanecanberecoveredbydewateringthecoalbed,andseparatingthegasfromthewater;

orinjectingwatertofracturethecoaltoreleasethegas（so-calledhydraulicfracturing）.

Agricultureandforestryaremajorindustries.Agricultureincludesdrylandandirrigatedfarmingandlivestockgrazing.Livestockarefrequentlymovedbetweenhigh-elevationsummerpasturesandlow-elevationwinterpastures,apracticeknownastranshumance.

第二篇

TOPIC鸟的领地问题

雄鸟会占领地territory并在其上唱歌吸引雌鸟female交配，雌鸟飞过来选一个雄鸟然后就会mate在一起，守护领土，防止invasion，也容易找到食物等；

唱歌吸引雌性，也会示威其他雄性自己的领地权。

但不同种类鸟会对领地占有有不同用处，有些鸟领地的占有会保护它们喂食幼鸟，因为雄鸟在喂食时比较vulnerable。

本文属生物学话题，考到的是我们在托福中的老朋友鸟类。

关于鸟类的生物特征的文章非常之多，包括鸟类导航、鸟类叫声等多个话题。

本文谈到的鸟类领地问题也不过是在这些话题基础上的又一个延伸而已。

尽管生物学每次考的并不难，但因为稳定的出现，大家还是要足够引起重视。

HowBirdsClaimTerritory

Wildbirdsneedthebestpossibleterritoryforfeeding,matingandraisingyoung,andtheyclaimthatterritoryinavarietyofways.Thistypeofbirdbehaviorcanbevaluableforbirderstounderstand,becauseknowinghowbirdsclaimterritorywillhelpbirdersknowwheretofinddifferentspecies.

Birdschooseaterritorybecauseitcanmeettheirneedsforfood,water,shelterandnestingsites.Thesizeoftheterritorywillvarybyspecies,andwheresomebirdspeciesneedlargeterritorieswithlittlecompetition,otherbirdshavemuchmorecommunalneedsandaremoreapttoshareterritorywithlargerflocks.Thesizeofabird'

sterritorycanalsovaryfromyeartoyeardependingonhowviablethelandis–inayearwherethereareexcellentfoodsources,forexample,abirdmayclaimlessterritorythaninyearswherefoodisscarce.

Theamountofaggressionbirdsshowdefendingtheirterritoryalsovariesbasedonthespeciesandtheirinteractionwithoneanother.AnAmericanrobin,forexample,willchaseawayotherrobinsfromitsterritory,butitwon'

tmindawhite-breastednuthatchsharingthesamespacebecausethetwospeciesdonotdirectlycompeteforfoodsources.

Migratorybirdsmaybegintoclaimterritoryinlate