英语s发音规则图文稿Word下载.docx

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design/di'

zain/

一般前缀，合成词不影响其读音。

s仍读成/s/。

例：

unsafe，unsatisfactory，roadside，teaspoon，snowstorm

二、两个s在词尾时读作/s/。

grass，glass，address，press，success，pass，miss，stress，across，swiss,progress，process，kiss

三、词尾s在u后读作/s/。

bus，us，minus，abacus，plus，status，virus

四、在sis组合的弱读中，两个s都读作/s/。

emphasis，analysis，thesis，crisis

emphasise,emphasize,analyse/analyze,criticise/criticize（criticismn.）

五、s在字母c前常读作/s/。

muscle，discipline，science

六、s在某些前后缀中读作/s/。

1．在前缀mis-，dis-中，s读作/s/。

mismanage，misjudge，misbelieve，disorder，disobey

2．在后缀－sive，sity，－self，-some，-sy中，s读作/s/。

expensive，intensive，decisive,yourself，handsome，troublesome，tiresome，quarrelsome

七、s在清辅音前后常读作/s/。

1．s在清辅音前常读作/s/。

honest，newspaper，task，satisfy，grasp（grab,grip）

2．s在清辅音后常读作/s/。

sportsman，works，stops，roofs．

八、词尾se在字母r，l，n后读作/s/。

horse，nurse，worse，course，universe，pulse，else，tense，sense

Icouldn'

tfindgoodreferencesbyGoogling,andIdon'

tknowanythingaboutBritishEnglish.AsIthinkitthrough,itisquitecomplicated!

Sorry--weshouldreallygetaroundtosomespellingreform.Ihopeotherscanhelpeditthislistiftheythinkofexceptions.

InAmericanEnglish,typically

Ifthereareanyprefixesorsuffixescausinganstobeinthemiddleofaword（eitherbecausethe"

s"

ispartoftheprefixorbecauseitispartoftheroot"

）,the"

isalwaysunvoiced清音/s/,e.g.subsist,substandard,mismatch,mistake,etc.

Ansthatiswrittennexttoanunvoicedconsonant清辅音isalwaysunvoiced/s/,e.g.lisp,rasp,history,etc.

Whentheunvoicedconsonantoftheaboveruleis[t],thenthe/t/issilentifthenextsyllableissyllabic/n/or/l/:

listen,whistle.（Otherwiseitispronounced.Seethecommentsforamoredetaileddescriptionofthisrule.）

Ansbeforemisalwaysvoiced/z/:

chasm,prism,plasma.However,thetopruletakesprecedence有优先权,sothesinmismatchisalwaysvoiceless/s/.

Ansthatiswrittendoubledbetweenvowelsisalsounvoiced:

massive,missive,missile,etc.However,iftheswouldoccurinthephoneticstream/s+j/thenitassimilatesto/

/,e.g.inmission.

Ansthatiswrittenasonesingleletterbetweenvowelsisusually/z/,e.g.laser,risible,criticise/criticize,desert,design,reason,busy,result,reserve,closer（thecomparativeformoftheadjective"

close"

hasan/s/sound）.Inthesameenvironmentasmentionedabove/z+j/willassimilateto/

/e.g.invision.

Terribleexceptiontotheabove:

indessert,thesisvoicedto/z/.ManynativeEnglishspeakersmisspelldessertforthisreason.Notealsothatthedifferencebetweendesertanddessertisnotvoicing,butwhichsyllablegetstheaccent（itisthefirstindesertandthesecondindessert）.

Possessanditsderivativesareanotherexception;

themiddle"

ss"

isvoicedto/z/.Theterminating"

isnot.

Othermiscellaneousexceptions:

The-ss-intheAmericanstatenameMissouriisalsoexceptionallypronounced/z/.Inraspberry,thepissilentandthe[s]assimilatestothe/b/,soisvoicedto/z/.

补充：

Basedontheimmediatelysurroundingletters:

Word-internal-ns-,e.g.ininsist,tense,tinsel,isalmostalwayspronounced/ns/withunvoiced/s/.Thisdoesn'

tapplytowordsthatendin-ns,likepensorlens（thesehave/nz/）.Exceptions:

cleanseandpansy,whichhave/nz/.Forsomespeakers,certain（butnotnecessarilyall）wordsstartingwith"

trans"

suchastransitandtransitionhave/nz/.

Word-internal-ls-,e.g.inelse,pulse,isalmostalwayspronounced/ls/withunvoiced/s/.Thisdoesn'

tapplytowordsthatendin-ls,likeeelsorsteals（thesehave/lz/）.Exception:

palsy,whichhas/lz/.

Word-internal-rs-,e.g.inpersist,verse,isalmostalwayspronounced/rs/*withunvoiced/s/.Thisdoesn'

tapplytowordsthatendin-rs,likestarsoryours（thesehave/rz/*）.

Basedonidentifyingparticularsuffixes:

Theending-siveisusuallypronounced/s?

v/withvoiceless/s/,evenwhenthereisavowelletterimmediatelyprecedingtheletter"

.Forexample,explosive,invasive,abusive,derisiveareallpronouncedwith/s/.

Theending-osityisalwayspronouncedwithvoiceless/s/.

名词复数后面s的发音规则

一般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z}，在清辅音后面读成[s]，在[t]后与[t]在一起读成[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。

cups杯子days日子hands手hats帽子

2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加－es，读[iz]

classes班级buses公共汽车boxes盒子watches手表

3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词，加－s，读作[z]；

以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i，再加－es，读[iz]。

boy-boys男孩army-armies军队story-stories故事factory-factories工厂baby-babies宝贝

4、以o结尾的词，多数加－s，读[z]。

kilo-kilos公里photo-photos照片tobacco-tobaccos烟草piano-pianos钢琴

以元音字母＋o结尾的词一律加－s，读[z]。

zoo-zoos动物园radio-radios收音机

少数以o结尾的词，在词尾加-es，读[z]。

tomato-tomatoes西红柿hero-heroes英雄Negro-Negroes黑人potato-potatoes土豆

5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数把f,fe变为v，再加－es，读[s]。