近期生物处理啤酒废水中的事态发展毕业论文外文翻译Word下载.docx

近期生物处理啤酒废水中的事态发展毕业论文外文翻译Word下载.docx

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近期生物处理啤酒废水中的事态发展毕业论文外文翻译@#@英文文献：

@#@@#@RECENTDEVELOPMENTSINBIOLOGICALTREATMENTOFBREWERYEFFLUENT@#@ABSTRACT@#@Duringthelasttwodecadesthebrewingindustryhasshownincreasingawarenessforenvironmentalprotectionandtheneedofsustainableproductionprocesses.ImplementationofISO14001certificationandmorestringentenvironmentallegislationhavebeenimportantdriversforthebrewingindustrytoinvestinbiologicaleffluenttreatment.Theroleofbiologicaleffluenttreatmentisdiscussedwithspecialattentionisgiventocombinedanaerobic/aerobictreatment.Combininganaerobicpre-treatmentwithaerobicpost-treatmentintegratestheadvantagesofbothprocessesamongstwhichreducedenergyconsumption（netenergyproduction）,reducedbiologicalsludgeproductionandlimitedspacerequirements,areofimportance.Thecombinationallowsforsignificantsavingsonoperationalcostsascomparedtocompleteaerobictreatmentwithoutcompromisingtherequireddischargestandards.@#@Descriptors:

@#@breweryeffluent,biologicaltreatment,anaerobic,aerobic@#@INTRODUCTION@#@Thelast20yearsenvironmentalawarenessofthebrewingindustryhasgrownsignificantly.leadingtoincreasedinvestmentsinenvironmentalprotectionmeasures.Importantinternaldriversforthebrewingindustryareimplementationofenvironmentalmanagementsystems（EMS）likeISO14001aswellastheneedforconductingofbenchmarkstudiesforbreweryprocessoptimalization.Knowledgeaboutenvironmentalemissions（e.g.effluentqualityandquantity）canbecomemanagementinformation,whichmayhelptoimprovetheefficiencyofin-plantbreweryprocesses（minimizeproductlosses,spillofwaterandenergy）6.Importantexternaldriversforenvironmentalinvestmentsarelocallegislationandenvironmentaltaxationsystems（dischargelevies）.Theoverallresultisagrowinginterestwithinthebrewingindustryinenvironmentalpollutioncontrolssystems.Thispaperdescribesthemostimportant（biological）technologiesforpurificationofbreweryeffluent.Specialattentionisgiventotheroleofanaerobictreatmentinreducingwasteandnetproductionofenergyrichbiogas.@#@Breweryeffluentcomposition@#@Thequalityandquantityofbreweryeffluentcanfluctuatesignificantlyasitdependsonvariousdifferentprocessesthattakeplacewithinthebrewery（rawmaterialhandling,wortpreparation,fermentation,filtration,CIP,packaging.etc）.Theamountofwastewaterproducedisrelatedtothespecificwaterconsumption（expressedashlwater/hlbeerbrewed）.Apartofthewaterisdisposedwiththebreweryby-productsandapartislostbyevaporation.Asaresultthewastewatertobeerratioisoften1.2-2hl/hllessthanthewatertobeerratio.Organiccomponentsinbreweryeffluent（expressedasCOD）aregenerallyeasilybiodegradableasthesemainlyconsistofsugars,solublestarch,ethanol,volatilefattyacids,etc.ThisisillustratedbytherelativelyhighBOD/CODratioof0.6-0.7.Thebrewerysolids（expressedasTSS）mainlyconsistofspentgrains,kieselguhr,wasteyeastand（‘hot’）trub.BreweryeffluentpHlevelsaremostlydeterminedbytheamountandtypeofchemicalsusedattheCIPunits（e.g.causticsoda,phosphoricacid,nitricacidetc）.Nitrogenandphosphorouslevelsaremainlydependingonthehandlingofrawmaterialandtheamountofspentyeastpresentintheeffluent.ElevatedphosphorouslevelscanalsobetheresultofphosphorouscontainingchemicalsusedintheCIPunit.Table1summarizessomeofthemostrelevantenvironmentalparameters.@#@Dischargerequirements@#@Theeffluentdischargelimitsabreweryhastocomplywithdependsonlocalenvironmentallegislation.Itisobviousthatincaseofdischargingtoamunicipalsewerdischargelimitsarelessstringentthanwhentheeffluentistobedischargedintoasensitivereceivingsurfacewaterbody（river,lakesea,etc）.Removaloforganiccompounds（CODchemicaloxygendemand）fromthewastewaterisimportanttoavoidanaerobicconditionsinthereceivingwaters.Nutrientslikenitrogen（N）andphosphorous（P）shouldberemovedtoavoidalgaebloomdisturbingthereceivingwatersecosystem.Table2presentssomeindicativedischargelimitsasaregenerallyappliedintheEU（EUCouncilDirective1991）forreceivingsurfacewaterbodies.Actualdischargelimitsmightvaryforeachlocation,regionandcountry.@#@BIOLOGICALEFFLUENTTREATMENTSYSTEMS@#@Amongbiologicaltreatmentsystemsonecandistinguishbetweenanaerobic（withoutoxygen）andaerobic（withair/oxygensupply）processes.Anaerobictreatmentischaracterizedbybiologicalconversionoforganiccompounds（COD）intobiogas（mainlymethane70-85vol%andcarbondioxide15-30vol%withtracesofhydrogensulphide）.Duringaerobictreatment（air）oxygenissuppliedtooxidizetheCODintocarbondioxideandwater.Bothbiologicalprocessesproducenewbiologicalbiomass（biosolids）.Theov