最新应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译资料文档格式.docx

最新应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译资料文档格式.docx

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2.Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike/andsoon/andsoforth/andotherwise.

3.Chemistryhasaverylonghistory,infact,humanactivityinchemistrygoesbacktoprerecordedtimes/predatingrecordedtimes.

4.Accordingto/Fromtheevaporationofwater,peopleknow/realizedthatliquidscanturn/be/changeintogasesundercertainconditions/circumstance/environment.

5.Youmustknowthepropertiesofthematerialbeforeyouuseit.

IV.Translation

化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。

自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。

人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。

这三步是：

（I）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）；

和（III）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。

V.Solution:

（1）Therelativemassof1Hand12Catomscanbecalculatedfromtheirabsolutemassesingrams.

Ifthemassofa12Catomisexactly12amu,thenthemassofa1Hatomtofivesignificantfiguresmustbe1.0078amu.

12amux0.083986=1.0078amu

（2）

Firstwecalculatekandthenusethefirst-orderrateequation.

Thebonewastossedaway（moreprecisely,theanimalwhosebonewasdied）about6100yearsago,orabout4100B.C.Wecanthusbesurethatavillagewasinexistenceatthatplaceatthattime.

Unit7TheNomenclatureofInorganicSubstances

I.Comprehension

1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B

II.Givethesystematicnameforthefollowing

ammoniumion;

copper（）ion;

strontiumion;

Ccopper（）ion;

iron（）ion;

zincion;

hydrogenion;

lead（（）ion;

aluminum;

silverion;

magnesiumion;

chromium（）ion;

Barium;

Manganese（）ion;

calciumion;

mercury（）ion;

tin（）ion.

carbonmonoxide;

ditrogentrioxide;

carbondioxide;

diphosphoruspentoxide;

sulfurtrioxide;

dichlorineheptoxide

arsenateion;

sulfiteion;

hydrideion;

arseniteion;

bromideion;

hydroxideion;

phosphateion;

chlorateion;

hypochloriteion;

chlorideion;

iodateion;

carbonateion;

chloriteion;

nitrateion;

chromateion;

cyanideion;

iodideion;

dichromateion;

fluorideion;

oxideion;

hydrogencarbonateion;

nitriteion;

sulfideion;

hydrogensulfateion;

perchlorateion;

sulfateion;

hydrogensulfiteion;

permanganateion.

III.Completethetable.

Formula

Oldname

Systematicname

FeO

iron（）oxide

Fe2O3

iron（）oxide

Sn（OH）2

tin（）hydroxide

Sn（OH）4

Hg2SO4

mercury（）sulfate

HgSO4

NaCLO

sodiumhypochlorite

K2Cr2O7

potassiumdichromate

Cu3（AsO4）2

copper（）arsenate

Cr（C2H3O2）3

chromium（）acetate

IV.Acidnamesmaybeobtaineddirectlyfromitsacidionbychangingthenameoftheacidion（negativeion）.Usetheruletogivethenameofthefollowingacid.

Formulaofacid

Nameofacid

H2CO3

carbonicacid

HClO2

chlorousacid

HClO4

perchloricacid

HCN

hydrocyanicacid

HBr

hydrobromicacid

H4SiO4

silicicacid

H3AsO4

arsenicacid

V.Completethesentenceswiththeproperformofthewordgivenattheendofthesentence.

1.isaltered;

2.Toillustrate3.indicates4.shouldexpect5.wouldcancel

6.arepulled7.dependon8.are;

referred9.formed10.havediscussed

VI.Translation

1.Mattercanneitherbecreatednorbedestroyed/eliminated.

2.Itisnecessarythatascientistmustknowhowtousefingurestogetanaccutateanswertoquestion.

3.Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritissolid,liquidorgas.

4.Theexperimentwassuccessful.It’sresultswasthesameaswhatwehadexpected.

5.Itwillnotbelongbeforewefinishtheexperiment.

VII.Writeequationsforthefollowingacid-basereactions.Usetheinformationininorganictextbooktopredictwhethertheequilibriumwillfavorthereactantsortheproducts.（PartiallySolved）

Solutinto（a）:

CyanideistheconjugatebaseofHCN.Itcanacceptaprotonfromformicacid:

Readingfrominorganictextbook,formicacid（