高考英语艺术生 强化训练课时作业40 天 临阵磨枪31Word文件下载.docx

高考英语艺术生 强化训练课时作业40 天 临阵磨枪31Word文件下载.docx

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Citiesarelikelytobeaffectedbyoverheating，thankstosomethingcalledtheurbanheatislandeffect.Citiestendtobeshortoftrees，whichprovideshade，andtheyarecoveredwithblackpavement，whichabsorbsheatfromthesun.Thinkofhowitfeelstowearadarkshirtversusawhiteshirtonasunnyday.Ablackshirtabsorbslight，heatingyouup.Butawhiteshirtreflectslight，keepingyoucool.

Theaveragetemperatureinacityofamillionormorepeoplecanbemorethan5degreesFhotterthansurroundingareas.Thatextra5degreescanturnahotdayfromuncomfortabletodeadly.Astemperaturesrise，citieswillbeanespeciallydangerousplacetobeduringaheatwave.Toprotectpublichealth，cityofficialsaregoingtomakethecitycooler.

Aspartofthateffort，LosAngelesiscoatingitsroadsinCoolSeal，agraypaintthatkeepsstreetsandparkinglots10degreescoolerthanblackasphalt（沥青）．ItwillhelpAngelinossavemoneyduringthesummer，whenairconditioningsendspowerbillssoaring.Anditwillsavelivesbyloweringtemperaturesandimprovingairquality.Hotweatherworsensairpollutionbyturningcarexhaustintosmog，whichcanmakelifemiserableforpeoplewithasthma（哮喘）andotherbreathingproblems.

Ofcourse，L.A.willhavetodomorethanpaintoverafewstreetstocooloffthecity.Angelinoswillalsoneedtoplantmoretreesandapplywhitepainttorooftops—atleastthosenotalreadycoveredinsolarpanels.WhileL．A.isapioneerofreflectivestreets，othercities，likeNewYork，arealreadyexperimentingwithreflectiveroofsor，likeMelbourne，loweringthetemperaturebyplantingtrees.L．A.ishardlyaloneinitsefforttostaycool.

“Thisisanurgentchallenge，andit'

smuchbiggerthanoneperson，”saidMayorGarcettiinarecentstatement.“ClimatechangeisafactoflifethatpeopleinLosAngelesandcitiesaroundtheworldlivewitheveryday.”

1．Whichofthefollowingcontributestotheurbanheatislandeffect?

A．Plantingmoretreesinthestreets.

B．Coveringthestreetswithwhitepaint.

C．Applyingreflectivepainttorooftops.

D．Furnishingeveryhousewithairconditioners.

2．Whatshouldthecityofficialsemphasizeduringhotsummer?

A．Howdomakethecitycooler.

B．Wheretowearawhiteshirt.

C．Whytocoattheroadswithblackpaint.

D．Whentocutofftheelectricitysupply.

3．WhatbenefitcanpeoplegainfromtheuseofCoolSeal?

A．Increasingtheindooractivities.

B．Promotingthesaleofairconditioners.

C．Makinglifeeasierandmorecomfortable.

D．Reducingthenumberofcolddays.

4．What'

sthemainideaofthepassage?

A．L.A.adoptedmanyapproachestofightagainsttheheat.

B．L.A.callsonpeopletofightagainstglobalwarming.

C．Moreandmorecountriesbegintoplanttreesinthestreets.

D．L.A.ispaintingitsstreetswhitetokeepthecitycool.

[解题导语]城市热岛效应往往会让城市的温度升高，空气恶化，尤其是在夏季。

其主要原因是，大多城市缺少树木，并且路面多被黑色沥青覆盖。

洛杉矶市在路上铺设一种灰色涂料CoolSeal，它可以反射阳光，从而降低城市的温度。

1．D　解析：

细节理解题。

从第三段第二句“ItwillhelpAngelinossavemoneyduringthesummer，whenairconditioningsendspowerbillssoaring.”可知，在夏季，使用空调使电费飞涨，说明人们开空调较多。

空调可以使室内凉快，但向室外排放的却是热量。

2．A　解析：

从第二段最后一句“Toprotectpublichealth，cityofficialsaregoingtomakethecitycooler.”可知，夏季时，为保护公众健康，城市官员们要让城市凉快起来。

3．C　解析：

推理判断题。

从第三段可知，路上铺上灰色涂料后，城市的温度降下来，人们使用空调的频率会降低，用电量会减少，电费也随之减少，同时空气的污染也会减少。

这样人们的生活成本会降低，并且居住地会变得舒适。

4．D　解析：

主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，洛杉矶在路上铺设CoolSeal，它足一种灰色涂料，可以反射阳光，从而降低城市的温度。

B

[2018·

浙江卷]

StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'

sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter，includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'

sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts（收银台）．Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingthese_headwinds，plasticbagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers'

arguments：

manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags，whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat，theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：

reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis，thelongeritslifeandthemoreplasticbaguseitcancelsout.However，longerlastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

E