二维码外文文献.docx

二维码外文文献.docx

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文献出处：

TarjanL.AreadabilityanalysisforQRcodeapplicationinatraceabilitysystem[J].ComputersandElectronicsinAgriculture,2014,10（9）:

1-11.

AreadabilityanalysisforQRcodeapplicationinatraceabilitysystem

LasloTarjan

Abstract

Traceabilityofdatathroughtransformationstagesofeachindividualfoodproduct,startingfromrawproductsandtothefinalproduct,aswellasprintingthekeydataontheproductpackage,addstotheconsumers’trustinproductquality.Foreachfoodproduct,itisnecessarytotrackdatastartingfromthestageofrawproductsfarming,throughfoodprocessing,transport,warehousing,toretailingandreachingtheendconsumer.Inordertoallowinsighttothekeydatatotheuser（mostlyendconsumer）,thispapersuggestsrecordingthedataontheproductpackageintheformofaquickresponsetwo-dimensionalbarcode（QRcode）inkeypointsoftheproduct’slifecycle.Forefficientfunctioningoftheproposedsystem,itisessentialtoensurefastandreliableoperationthroughproperplacementoftheQRcodeonthepackageduringproduction,andfastandeasydatareadingbytheproductconsumer.ThispaperpresentstheresultsofareadabilityanalysisofQRcodeofvariablecontents,sizeanddataerrorcorrectionlevel,whicharereadbysmartphonesrunninganAndroidplatform.Theexperimentswereperformedwithvarioustypesofbasematerialonwhichthecodewasprinted.Furthermore,QRcodereadabilityanalysiswasconductedinthecasewhenthereisageometricdeformationofthecode.Basedonthedetailedanalysisofthecollecteddata,itcanbeconcludedthatQRcodereadabilityisnotdirectlyinfluencedbythenumberofcodedcharacters,orbytheerrorcorrectionlevel,butonlybythesizeofmodulesthatconstitutethecode.Furthermore,theresultsshowthatthechangeofthebasematerialdoesnotinfluencethereadtime,butinfluencesthecodereadability.Thepaperfurtherpresentsanexampleoftheproposedtraceabilitysystem,wheretheQRcodesareusedfordatatrackingandtracingforfruityogurts,basedontherecommendationsgainedthroughthereadabilityanalysis.Thistraceabilitysystemconceptisuniversalandcanbeusedforvariousproductswithslightmodifications.

Keywords:

Traceability;QRcode;Barcode;Mobilephone;Readability

1.Introduction

Foodproducttraceabilityisatopicthatdrawsattentionofanincreasing numberofresearchersintheworld.Inordertosetatraceabilitysystem,itisnecessarytoprovideupdateddatathatissignificanttotheuser,suchastheproductorigin,processingmode,storingconditions,andexpirationdate.Ineachsystemthereisacriticalpointwherethesystematicinformationlossoccurswhentheinformationaboutaproductorprocessisnotlinkedtoaproductandrecordedsystematically（Huetal.,2013）,thusitisimportanttosetthesystemsothatthepotentialcriticalpointsarerecognizedandtheproblemseliminatedbeforetheimplementationofthetraceabilitysystem.

Theappearanceoftheavianandswineinfluenza,bovinespongiformencephalopathy（“themadcowdisease”）aswellasfrequentoccurrenceofundesirablesubstances（pesticides,heavymetals,etc.）infoodproductsincreasestheneedforanefficientsystemfortracingtheoriginandtheprocessingconditionsoffoodduringproduction,transportandwarehousing.Producttraceabilityisanefficientwayforincreasingfoodsafetyandqualityandtoreducetheexpensesforwithdrawalofproblematicproductsfromthemarket（Regattierietal.,2007）,aswellastoimproveproductionstrategiesinacompany（SaltiniandAkkerman,2012）andproductioncontrol（Saltinietal.,2013）.Producttraceabilityisextremelyimportantforperishableproductsindustry（Lavelli,2013）.TheEuropeanUnioncountries,thisareaisregulatedwithEuropeanstandardsfortraceabilityandBestAvailableTechnology（BAT）,aslaiddowninENISO2205:

2007standardsandtheEuropeanDirective2008/1/EC（Standardization,2007）.Ontheotherhand,itisshownthatthemodernwayoflifeleadstoseparationofusers（consumers）andproducersoffoodproducts（farmers,agriculturalists）fromeachother（Freweretal.,2005,HarperandMakatouni,2002,María,2006,Phuong,2013andVerbeke,2005）.Thisseparationinfluencestheincreaseinconsumersdistrustinthefoodproductquality,differentinterpretationsofconditionsinwhichtheanimalsshouldbeheldinordertogainsatisfactoryqualityoffoodproductsfromacertainlandproperty（BosonaandGebresenbet,2013andVanhonackeretal.,2008）.

Astudy（Zhangetal.,2012）showsthattheconsumersarewillingtopayasignificantpositivepricepremiumforfoodtraceability,assuchasystemgreatlyinfluencestheconsumerstrustinacertainproduct（ChenandHuang,2013）.（Cunhaetal.,2010）showsasystemforvineyardidentificationandvine