二维码外文文献.docx

1、文献出处：Tarjan L. A readability analysis for QR code application in a traceability systemJ. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2014, 10(9): 1-11.A readability analysis for QR code application in a traceability systemLaslo TarjanAbstractTraceability of data through transformation stages of each i

2、ndividual food product, starting from raw products and to the final product, as well as printing the key data on the product package, adds to the consumers trust in product quality. For each food product, it is necessary to track data starting from the stage of raw products farming, through food pro

3、cessing, transport, warehousing, to retailing and reaching the end consumer. In order to allow insight to the key data to the user (mostly end consumer), this paper suggests recording the data on the product package in the form of a quick response two-dimensional barcode (QR code) in key points of t

4、he products life cycle. For efficient functioning of the proposed system, it is essential to ensure fast and reliable operation through proper placement of the QR code on the package during production, and fast and easy data reading by the product consumer. This paper presents the results of a reada

5、bility analysis of QR code of variable contents, size and data error correction level, which are read by smart phones running an Android platform. The experiments were performed with various types of base material on which the code was printed. Furthermore, QR code readability analysis was conducted

6、 in the case when there is a geometric deformation of the code. Based on the detailed analysis of the collected data, it can be concluded that QR code readability is not directly influenced by the number of coded characters, or by the error correction level, but only by the size of modules that cons

7、titute the code. Furthermore, the results show that the change of the base material does not influence the read time, but influences the code readability. The paper further presents an example of the proposed traceability system, where the QR codes are used for data tracking and tracing for fruit yo

8、gurts, based on the recommendations gained through the readability analysis. This traceability system concept is universal and can be used for various products with slight modifications.Keywords: Traceability; QR code; Barcode; Mobile phone; Readability1. IntroductionFood product traceability is a t

9、opic that draws attention of an increasingnumber of researchers in the world. In order to set a traceability system, it is necessary to provide updated data that is significant to the user, such as the product origin, processing mode, storing conditions, and expiration date. In each system there is

10、a critical point where the systematic information loss occurs when the information about a product or process is not linked to a product and recorded systematically (Hu et al., 2013), thus it is important to set the system so that the potential critical points are recognized and the problems elimina

11、ted before the implementation of the traceability system.The appearance of the avian and swine influenza, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (“the mad cow disease”) as well as frequent occurrence of undesirable substances (pesticides, heavy metals, etc.) in food products increases the need for an effi

12、cient system for tracing the origin and the processing conditions of food during production, transport and warehousing. Product traceability is an efficient way for increasing food safety and quality and to reduce the expenses for withdrawal of problematic products from the market (Regattieri et al.

13、, 2007), as well as to improve production strategies in a company (Saltini and Akkerman, 2012) and production control (Saltini et al., 2013). Product traceability is extremely important for perishable products industry (Lavelli, 2013). The European Union countries, this area is regulated with Europe

14、an standards for traceability and Best Available Technology (BAT), as laid down in ENISO 2205:2007 standards and the European Directive 2008/1/EC (Standardization, 2007). On the other hand, it is shown that the modern way of life leads to separation of users (consumers) and producers of food product

15、s (farmers, agriculturalists) from each other (Frewer et al., 2005, Harper and Makatouni, 2002, Mara, 2006, Phuong, 2013 and Verbeke, 2005). This separation influences the increase in consumers distrust in the food product quality, different interpretations of conditions in which the animals should

16、be held in order to gain satisfactory quality of food products from a certain land property (Bosona and Gebresenbet, 2013 and Vanhonacker et al., 2008).A study (Zhang et al., 2012) shows that the consumers are willing to pay a significant positive price premium for food traceability, as such a system greatly influences the consumers trust in a certain product (Chen and Huang, 2013). (Cunha et al., 2010) shows a system for vineyard identification and vine