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Pragmaticfailureincross-culturalcommunication

Abstract:

"pragmaticfailure”wasfirstproposedbyanEnglish

Keywords:

pragmatics;languagepragmatics;socialpragmaticfailureintrans-culturalcommunication

一Definitionandclassificationofpragmaticfailure

PragmaticfailurebyUnitedKingdomlinguistThomasandcross-culturalpragmaticfailurein1983inthefirstproposedinthearticle.Shethoughtthatifobedientpeopleperceivewordsandthespeakerwishestoexpressthemeaningorsignificancethatshouldbeobedientpeopleperceivedifferentpragmaticfailure.Nativelanguageanditsharmarecausedbymisunderstandingbetweentheforeignlanguagelearners,destructionofthecommunicationbetweenpeople,andharmoniousinterpersonalrelationshipsbecamestrained.Thomasofpragmaticfailuresratherthanpragmaticerrors,is"becausesucherrorsarenotfromsyntaxerrorsandotheraspectsoftheproblemofthelanguageitself,isnotagrammarerrorandcausetheinarticulate;thiskindofpragmaticfailureinthemainduetomannerofspeakingisnothingwrong,ordoesnotconformtothehabitsofexpression,orputitout".

Thomasthepragmaticfailuresisdividedintotwocategories:

languageandpragmaticfailuresinsocialpragmaticfailure.Theformerinvolveslanguageitself,associatedwiththeinterferenceofmothertongueinforeignlanguagelearning,thiskindofpragmaticfailuresremainatthelanguagelevel,whichcanbecorrectedandavoidedbyteaching.Socialpragmaticfailureiscausedbecauseofthedifferentculturalbackgrounds,whichinvolvedthestresses;thatshouldn'tbetold;interpersonaldistanceandvalue.Itbelongstothepragmaticfailureofdeep

二pragmaticfailureoflanguage

PeopleuselanguageisalwayscontextwithappropriateEuropeanandstrivetoaccuratelyexpresswordsofintent.WhenanEnglishforEnglishlearnerssaydoesnotmeettheEnglishlanguageofthispeople,misuseoftheEnglishexpression;ordon'tknowthecorrectEnglishexpression,nestthemothertonguelanguageintoEnglishwhen,languagepragmaticfailurecanoccur.Languageisbecausepeopleonthestructureoflanguageandpragmaticfailurescausedbydifferentinterpretationsof,andsentencestructureandconnotationsofwords,andotherlanguagefeatures.

（1）Twolevelsoflanguageandpragmaticfailure

Semanticsresearchofcognitivesignificanceisthestatementofsignificance,isnotaffectedbythecontextofmeaning.Pragmaticstudyonsignificance,butitisinthestudyofthesignificanceofthewords,iscanonlybedeterminedinthecontextofsignificance.Statementtodeterminehowitshouldbeunderstoodinthecontextofapplicationandpragmaticsisthestudyofthecontent.SemanticrulescanhelpusknowthatthecognitivemeaningofthestatementcanhelpustounderstandtheprinciplesofPragmatics:

1.Wordsinthespecificcontextandthesignificanceofthecoverage（speakerofthefirstlevelofmeaning）.

2.Speakingof"implication"（speakerofthesecondlayer）.

Attheprimarylevel,principlesofpragmatics,particularlymaximofrelevancehelpspeopleunderstandthecontextualmeaningofwords;inthesecondlevel,pragmaticprincipleenablespeopletounderstandthespeaker's"implication",suchascriticism,praise,compassion,mercy,andsoon.

whenpeoplewordingimproper,orusinghasambiguitywords,makesobedientpeoplemisunderstandinghastalkpeopleinspecificconditionsXiaofdiscoursesignificanceandbymeansrange,onwillledtofirstleveloflanguagepragmaticerrors;Whentheobedientpeoplemisunderstandthespeakertoexpressthe"implication”,ortalkpeoplediscourseof"implication"noexpressionclearlywillappearssecondleveloflanguagepragmaticerrors.Thesetwodimensionsoflinguisticpragmaticerrorsarerelatedtothelanguageitself.Talkingpeoplethinkontheonehandtheysayobedienttofullyunderstandandobedientpeoplejustmisunderstandtheintentofthespeaker,thepragmaticjudgmenterrorsmade.

ExampleOne:

firstlanguageonthelevelofpragmaticfailure

A（toafellowpassengeronalong–distancecoach）:

“AskthedriverwhattimewegettoBeijing.”

B（todriver）:

“CouldyoutellmewhenwegettotheBeijing,please?

C（driver）:

“Don’tworry,it’sabigcity–Idon’tthinkit’spossibletomissit!

”

Inthisexample,“when”theusageandmeaningofthewordiskeytounderstandingthesentence.Ononehand"when"canbepronoun,Means"whattime".Inaddition,itcanalsobemadesubordinateconjunctions,Boottimeclauses.BuspassengerwhowantstounderstandBeijing'stime,sopassengerswhatBsaid,"When"asapronounrefersto"whattime",Butthedrivermakethe"when"asasubordinateconjunctions.Hasnoinformationtoprovidehimwithwhathewanted

CaseII:

secondleveloflinguisticpragmaticerrors

A：

“Isthiscoffeesugared?

”

B