最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选含答案100 4Word下载.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选含答案100 4Word下载.docx

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Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.

"

Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,"

Choisays."

Theyarecheapandself-repairing."

Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'

tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.

Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.

Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'

restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode（正负极）.They'

realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.

（1）Whatmakesthepaper-basedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?

A. 

Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones. 

B. 

Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.

C. 

Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices. 

D. 

Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.

（2）Whatcanthepaper-basedbatteriesdo?

Powertinydevices. 

Lowerbloodsugarlevels.

Producemuchelectricity. 

Changechemicalsinthepaper.

（3）Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

Theapplicationofthenewbattery. 

Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.

Theintentiontoinventthedevice. 

Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.

（4）Whatistheauthor'

sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-basedbatteries?

A.Defensive.

B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.

D.Ambiguous.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。

研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。

该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"

Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater."

这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"

Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'

tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces"

纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第四段中的"

Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood"

，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。

因此，科学家们"

Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells"

根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。

由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"

Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem"

该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。

作者用到beauty"

优点"

一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•天津）阅读理解

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？

Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:

whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？

We'

veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'

shalfwaymark.I'

mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'

tallgetthere.I'

mtalkingab