阅读理解专题训练主旨大意题解题指导及训练.doc
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阅读理解专题训练—主旨大意题解题指导及训练
一.做主旨大意题容易犯的错误：
1. 以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
2. 断章取义。
干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
3. 主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
4. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。
考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
5. 无中生有，似是而非。
有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
二.主旨大意题的出题类型.
1）.主题型（topic、subject、mainidea、generalidea）主旨大意题的题干表现形式:
Themainideaofthepassageis…
Thepassageismainlyabout…
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
2）.目的（purpose）类主旨大意题
Thepassageismeantto….
Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…
3）.标题（topic或title）类主旨大意题
Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…
四。
方法指导
在做主题型试题时，可先寻找主题句。
一般情况下，主题句出现在文章的开头或结尾。
但有时也可能不会出现主题句，需要读者自己去概括或归纳。
五．练习巩固
Passage1：
Everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder,butmen'smindsdeclinemorethanwomen's,accordingtotheresultsofaworldwidesurvey. Certaindifferencesseemtobeinherentinmaleandfemalebrains:
Menarebetteratmaintaininganddealingwithmentalimages（usefulinmathematicalreasoningandspatialskills）,whilewomentendtoexcel（擅长）atrecallinginformationfromtheirbrain'sfiles（helpfulwithlanguageskillsandrememberingthelocationsofobjects）....
Q:
Theauthoraimstotellusthat__________.
A.women’smindsperformbetterthanmen’s
B.men’smindsdeclinemorewithage
C.everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder
D.asurveyonhuman’sminddeclinewasdonerecently.
Passage2：
Boston----ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,ManetandVermerr,FBI（美国联邦调查局）andthemuseumofficialssaid.
Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfromtheIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordan.......
WilliamBobinson,ofHardvardUniversity'sFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks.”
Q:
Whatisthebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticle?
A.ATheftTookPlaceinBoston
B.B.ArtworksstolenbyThieves
C.MajorWorks
D.InvestigationintotheTheft
Passage3:
Readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskillittakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkbypracticinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathletepracticesuntilhecanplayquickly,accurately（精确）,withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthat
“being”inthezone.”Educatorscallit“automaticity’（自动性）.
Q:
Thefirstparagraphtellsus_______.
A.whatautomaticityis
B.howaccuracyisacquired（获得）
C.howachildlearnstowalk
D.howanathleteistrained.
六．突破难点:
如何做没有主题句的主旨大意题?
做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。
如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
习题精选
1.Itseemsthatpoliticiansaroundtheworldarethinkingaboutthehealthoftheircountries.WhileinChina,ChenZhuhasannouncedhisplansforauniversalhealthserviceandreformacrosshealthservices.GordonBrown,theUKPrimeMinister,hasalsoannouncedheisplanningtomakesomechangesinourhealthservice.
ThecruxofMr.Brown'sproposalsarerelatedtogivingtheNHS（NationalHealthService）agreaterfocusonprevention,ratherthanjustcuringpatients.
Heisplanningtointroduceincreasedscreeningforcommondiseases...
Q:
Theauthorofthispassageintendstotellus______.
A.theNHSshouldbereformedrightaway.
B.moreandmorepeoplearedyingfromdiseases.
C.theplantoreformtheNHSintheUK.
D.thecriticismofMr.Brown'sproposals.
2.Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.AmongthesepeoplewasamannamedAlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandtofillhistimeheplannedagamewhichhecalled“Lexico”.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththegame,sohemadeanumberofchangestoitandchangeditsnamefrom“Lexico”to“Alph”andthento“CrissCross”.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidn’thaveanyrealcommercial（商业性的）success.
Q:
Thetextismainlyabout________.
A.Lexico
B.Threemen
C.Awordgame
D.AlfredButts.
3.Aspricesandbuildingcostskeeprising,the“do-it-yourself”（DIY）trendintheU.S.continuestogrow.……
JohnandJimarenotunusualpeople.Mostfamiliesinthecountryaredoingeverythingtheycantosavemoneysotheycanfightthehighcostofliving.Ifyouwanttobecomea“do-it-yourself’,youcangotoDIYclasses.Andforthosewhodon’thavetimetotakeacourse,therearebooksthattellyouhowyoucandothingsyourself.
Q:
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.TheJoyofDIY
B.YoucanDoitT
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