41翻译英文版Word格式.docx

41翻译英文版Word格式.docx

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41翻译英文版@#@4.1翻译英文版@#@4.1CalculationmethodsintroductionGHGProtocol,IPCC2006,PAS2050,etc:

@#@TheGreenhouseGasProtocolInitiativeisamulti-stakeholderpartnershipofbusinesses,non-governmentalorganizations（NGOs）,governments,andothersconvenedbytheWorldResourcesInstitute（WRI）,aU.S.-basedenvironmentalNGO,andtheWorldBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopment（WBCSD）,aGeneva-basedcoalitionof170internationalcompanies.Launchedin1998,theinitiativesmissionistodevelopinternationallyacceptedgreenhousegas（GHG）accountingandreportingstandardsforbusinessandtopromotetheirbroadadoption.Todate,theGHGProtocolInitiativecomprisestwoseparatebutlinkedstandards:

@#@GHGProtocolCorporateAccountingandReportingStandard（CorporateStandard）,whichprovidesastep-by-stepguideforcompaniestouseinquantifyingandreportingtheirGHGemissions.GHGProtocolProjectQuantificationStandard（ProjectStandard）,whichservesasaguideforquantifyingreductionsfromGHGmitigationprojects.Thisdocument,ThePublicSectorGHGAccountingandReportingProtocol（PublicSectorProtocol）,isastand-alonedocumentthatprovidesstandardsandguidanceforpublicagenciesatthelocal/city,stateandfederallevel.ItappliestheprinciplesandstandardsoftherevisedCorporateStandardtotheuniquestructuresandneedsofpublicagencies.ItcoverstheaccountingandreportingofthesixgreenhousegasescoveredbytheKyotoProtocolcarbondioxide,methane,nitrousoxide,hydrofluorocarbons,perfluorocarbons,andSulfurhexafluoride.Eachchapterisdividedintostandardsandguidancesections,Together,thesesectionsweredesignedwiththefollowingobjectivesinmind:

@#@1.TohelppublicorganizationsprepareaGHGinventorythatrepresentsatrueandfairaccountoftheiremissions,throughtheuseofstandardizedapproachesandprinciples2.TosimplifyandreducethecostsofcompilingaGHGinventory3.ToprovidethepublicsectorwithinformationthatcanbeusedtobuildaneffectivestrategytomanageandreduceGHGemissions4.TofacilitateparticipationinvoluntaryandmandatoryGHGreportingprograms5.ToincreaseconsistencyandtransparencyinGHGaccountingandreportingamongpublicsectororganizationsandGHGprogramsGHGProtocolincludingGHGAccountingandReportingPrinciples,OrganizationalGoalsandInventoryDesign,settingOrganizationalBoundaries,SettingOperationalBoundaries,trackingEmissionsOverTime,IdentifyandcalculatingGHGEmissions,ManagingInventoryQuality,AccountingforOrganizationalGHGReductions,ReportingGHGEmissions,VerificationofGHGEmissions,SettingaGHGTargetandThroughthesechaptersintroducedtoguideenterprisestocarryoutbusinessaccountingandreportingofgreenhousegases.

（1）SettingOperationalBoundariesDefiningtheGHGProtocolrecommendationstooperationalboundaries,whichincludesmakingestimatestosomekindofdirectorindirectGHGemissions,DirectGHGemissionscomefromsourcesthatareownedorcontrolledbythereportingorganization.DirectGHGemissionsareemissionsfromsourcesthatareownedorcontrolledbythereportingcompany,e.g.Emissionsfromfactorystacks,manufacturingprocessesandvents,andfromcompany-owned/controlledvehicles.IndirectGHGemissionsarethosethatareaconsequenceoftheactivitiesoftheorganization,butthatoccuratsourcesownedorcontrolledbyanotherorganizationorcompany.IndirectGHGemissionsareemissionsthatareaconsequenceoftheactivitiesofthereportingcompany,butoccurfromsourcesownedorcontrolledbyanothercompany,e.g.emissionsfromtheproductionofpurchasedelectricity,contractmanufacturing,employeetravelonscheduledflights,andemissionsoccurringduringtheproductusephase.Tohelpdelineatedirectandindirectemissionssources,improvetransparency,andprovideutilityfordifferenttypesoforganizationswithdifferentneedsandpurposes,threescopesaredefinedforGHGaccountingandreportingpurposes.TheGHGProtocolrecommendsthatcompaniesaccountforandreportscopes1and2ataminimum.1）Scope1Scope1accountsfordirectGHGemissionsfromsourcesthatareownedorcontrolledbythereportingcompany.Scope1emissionsareprincipallytheresultofthefollowingactivities:

@#@productionofelectricity,heat,orsteamphysicalorchemicalprocessinge.g.cement,adipicacidandammoniamanufacturetransportationofmaterials,products,waste,andemployees,e.g.useofmobilecombustionsources,suchas:

@#@trucks,trains,ships,airplanes,buses,andcarsfugitiveemissions:

@#@intentionalorunintentionalreleasessuchas:

@#@equipmentleaksfromjoints,seals;@#@methaneemissionsfromcoalmines;@#@HFCemissionsduringtheuseofairconditioningequipment;@#@andCH4leakagesfromgastransport.2）scope2Scope2accountsforindirectemissionsassociatedwiththegenerationofimported/