41翻译英文版Word格式.docx

1、41翻译英文版# 4.1翻译英文版# 4.1Calculation methods introduction GHG Protocol, IPCC2006, PAS2050, etc:# The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative is a multi-stakeholder partnership of businesses, non-governmental organizations （NGOs）, governments, and others convened by the World Resources Institute （WRI）, a U.S

2、.-based environmental NGO, and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development （WBCSD）, a Geneva-based coalition of 170 international companies. Launched in 1998, the initiatives mission is to develop internationally accepted greenhouse gas （GHG） accounting and reporting standards for busines

3、s and to promote their broad adoption. To date, the GHG Protocol Initiative comprises two separate but linked standards:# GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard （Corporate Standard）, which provides a step-by-step guide for companies to use in quantifying and reporting their GHG emi

4、ssions .GHG Protocol Project Quantification Standard （Project Standard）, which serves as a guide for quantifying reductions from GHG mitigation projects. This document, The Public Sector GHG Accounting and Reporting Protocol （Public Sector Protocol）, is a stand-alone document that provides standards

5、 and guidance for public agencies at the local/city, state and federal level. It applies the principles and standards of the revised Corporate Standard to the unique structures and needs of public agencies. It covers the accounting and reporting of the six greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Proto

6、colcarbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and Sulfur hexafluoride . Each chapter is divided into standards and guidance sections, Together, these sections were designed with the following objectives in mind :# 1.To help public organizations prepare a GHG invent

7、ory that represents a true and fair account of their emissions, through the use of standardized approaches and principles 2.To simplify and reduce the costs of compiling a GHG inventory 3.To provide the public sector with information that can be used to build an effective strategy to manage and redu

8、ce GHG emissions 4.To facilitate participation in voluntary and mandatory GHG reporting programs 5.To increase consistency and transparency in GHG accounting and reporting among public sector organizations and GHG programs GHG Protocol including GHG Accounting and Reporting Principles ,Organizationa

9、l Goals and Inventory Design ,setting Organizational Boundaries ,Setting Operational Boundaries ,tracking Emissions Over Time ,Identify and calculating GHG Emissions ,Managing Inventory Quality ,Accounting for Organizational GHG Reductions ,Reporting GHG Emissions ,Verification of GHG Emissions ,Set

10、ting a GHG Target and Through these chapters introduced to guide enterprises to carry out business accounting and reporting of greenhouse gases. （1）Setting Operational Boundaries Defining the GHG Protocol recommendations to operational boundaries,which includes making estimates to some kind of direc

11、t or indirect GHG emissions,Direct GHG emissions come from sources that are owned or controlled by the reporting organization. Direct GHG emissions are emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the reporting company, e.g. Emissions from factory stacks, manufacturing processes and vents,

12、 and from company-owned/controlled vehicles.Indirect GHG emissions are those that are a consequence of the activities of the organization, but that occur at sources owned or controlled by another organization or company. Indirect GHG emissions are emissions that are a consequence of the activities o

13、f the reporting company, but occur from sources owned or controlled by another company, e.g.emissions from the production of purchased electricity, contract manufacturing, employee travel on scheduled flights, and emissions occurring during the product use phase. To help delineate direct and indirec

14、t emissions sources, improve transparency, and provide utility for different types of organizations with different needs and purposes, three scopesare defined for GHG accounting and reporting purposes.The GHG Protocol recommends that companies account for and report scopes 1 and 2 at a minimum. 1） S

15、cope 1 Scope 1 accounts for direct GHG emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the reporting company. Scope 1 emissions are principally the result of the following activities:# production of electricity, heat, or steam physical or chemical processing e.g. cement, adipic acid and ammon

16、ia manufacture transportation of materials, products, waste, and employees, e.g. use of mobile combustion sources, such as:#trucks, trains, ships, airplanes, buses, and cars fugitive emissions:# intentional or unintentional releases such as:# equipment leaks from joints, seals;# methane emissions from coal mines;# HFC emissions during the use of air conditioning equipment;# and CH4 leakages from gas transport. 2） scope 2 Scope 2 accounts for indirect emissions associated with the generation of imported/