语言学补充习题教学内容文档格式.docx

语言学补充习题教学内容文档格式.docx

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B.diachronic

C.comparative

D.historicalcomparative

4.Languageis____inthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenawordandtheobjectitrefersto.

A.systematic

B.symbolic

C.arbitrary

D.ambiguous

5.Whatfunctionaremostimperativesentencesassociatedwith?

A.Informative

B.Interrogative

C.Phatic

D.Directive

6.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreecentigrade.”is_________

A.interrogative

B.directive

C.informative

D.performative

6.Everydaywesendmessagesthathaveneverbeensentandunderstandnovelmessages;

inthissense,ourlanguageis____.

A.productive

B.interchangeable

C.geneticallytransmitted

D.rule-governed

7.Languagecanrefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisiswhatwemeanby_____.

A.culturaltransmission

B.displacement

C.duality

D.productivity

8.Bydualitywemeanthatlanguagehastwosetsofstructures,oneof_______andtheotherof______.

A.surfacestructure,deepstructure

B.phonemes,morphemes

C.sounds,meanings

D.production,reception

9.AccordingtoChomsky,________istheidealuser’sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.

A.competence

B.parole

C.performance

D.langue

10.Generallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof_________.

A.languageofacertainindividual

B.theGermanlanguage

C.humanlanguagesingeneral

D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage

PhoneticsandPhonology

11.Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherareusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationis_________.

A.morphology

B.generallinguistics

C.phonology

D.phonetics

12.A（n）______isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.

A.phone

B.sound

C.allophone

D.phoneme

13./m,n/are________.

A.fricatives

B.dentals

C.glides

D.nasals

14./w,j/belongto_____.

B.dentals

D.nasals

15.Whichofthefollowingvowelistheroundedone?

A./i:

/

B./u:

/

C./i/

D./a:

16.Thevowel/u:

/in/fu:

d/（food）isa_________vowel.

A.back

B.front

C.unrounded

D.central

MORPHOLOGY

17._______isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.

A.Word

B.Morpheme

C.Allomorph

D.Root

18._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemestoformaword.

A.Freemorphemes

B.Boundmorphemes

C.Boundwords

D.Words

19._______modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword

A.Prefixes

B.Suffixes

C.Roots

D.Affixes

20.“-s”inthewordbooksis____.

A.aderivativeaffix

B.astem

C.aninflectionalaffix

D.aroot

Note:

root（词根）/affix（词缀）,都属于boundmorpheme（粘着词素）

1.root（词根）:

apartofaword;

itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsaclear,definitemeaning;

itmustbecombinedwithanotherrootoranaffixtoformaword.（一个不能再分，再分就会失去其本义的基本形式）

词根词素可以分为自由词根词素（freerootmorpheme,e.g.rain→rainy→raincoat

粘着词根词素（boundrootmorpheme）

e.g.geo（theearth）+ology（abranchoflearning）→geology,psychology,physiology

tele（distant,far）+vision→television,telegraph

transmit,permit,submit‘

maintain,contain,detain

2.Affix词缀

1）inflectional（曲折）:

语法关系的标志grammaticalrelations

（number,tense,degree,case）-s,-er,不改变词性

2）derivational（派生）:

在词干上加上一个词缀得到一个新词，与词性和意义有关

3.stem词干

Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.

Itreferstotheleftmorphemeorcombinationofmorphemeswhenoneaffixisremovedforonetime.

e.g.carelessness

21.Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone?

A.Blackboard

B.Teaches

C.Consideration

D.Books

22.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthroughtheprocessofacronym?

A.ad

B.edit

C.AIDS

D.Bobo

23.Theword“lab”isformedthrough____.

A.backformation

B.blending

C.clipping

D.derivation

24.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword 

?

A.LandladyB.Greenhouse

C.UpliftD.Unacceptable

20.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas________.

A.lexicalwords

B.grammaticalwords

C.functionwords

D.formwords

21.OpenclassofwordscanconsistofthefollowingcategoriesEXCEPT_________

A.nouns

B.verbs