智能卡中英文对照外文翻译文献Word下载.docx

智能卡中英文对照外文翻译文献Word下载.docx

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智能卡中英文对照外文翻译文献@#@中英文资料翻译@#@ @#@@#@英文文献:

@#@@#@SMARTCARDforSMARTCAMPUS@#@KFUPMCaseStudy@#@Abstract@#@Smartcardisthelatestadditionintheworldofinformationtechnology.Thevisionofthesmartcardprogramistoprovideaccesstoservicesthatissecure,fast,friendly,easytouse,flexible,personal,andisaccessiblebytheuserskomanyplaceatanytime.Asmartcardisofthesizeofaconventionalcreditcardwithanembeddedcomputerchipthatstoresandtransactsdatabetweenusersanddevices.Thisdataisassociatedwitheithervalueorinformationorbothandisstoredandprocessedwithinthechipofthecard.Thecarddataistransactedviaacardreaderattachedtoacomputingsystemasaperipheraldevice.Smartcardsareextensivelyusedthroughseveralkeyapplicationslikeeducation,healthcare,banking,entertainment,andtransportation.@#@1.Introduction@#@Smartcardisamini-computercapableofstoringandprocessingdata.Although,at-present,theyaremostpopularassingle-functioncashcardsandlong-distancecallingcards,theircapabilitiesrangefromretainingtickets,money,frequentflyermiles,travelpreferences,insuranceinformation,keydemographicdata,linkstoapatient’smedicalrecords,toallowingaccessintoabuilding,loggingontoanetwork,etc.Thepotentialofthesmartcardislimitless.Withtheaddedbonusofthesefunctionsbeingperformedonasinglecard,smartcardshavetheabilitytobecomeindispensabletools.@#@SmartcardswerefirstintroducedinEuropeacoupleofdecadesagoasastoredvaluetoolforpayphonestoreducetheft[I].Assmartcardsandotherchip-basedcardsadvanced,peoplefoundnewwaystousethem,suchaschargingcardsforcreditpurchasesandforrecordkeepinginplaceofpaper.Smartcardsprovidetamper-proofstorageofuserandaccountidentity.Theyprovideprotectionagainstafullrangeofsecuritythreats,komcarelessstorageofuserpasswordstosophisticatedsystemhacks.Smartcardcanbemulti-functionalthroughtheuseofseveralapplicationsstoredonthecard.Thispaperstartswiththehistoryofsmartcardsanddescribesthedifferenttypesofsmartcardswithcharacteristicsofeachtype.Finally,thepaperwilldetailKFUPMsmartcardsystemasanimportantcasestudyinthefield.@#@2.TheHistoryofSmartCards@#@ThefirstplasticpaymentcardforgeneralusewasissuedbytheDinnersClubin1950.Atfirstthecard’sfunctionswerequitesimple[2].Theyinitiallyservedasdatacarriersthatweresecureagainstforgeryandtampering.Generalinformation,suchasthecardissuer’sname,wasprintedonthesurfacewhilepersonaldataelements,suchasthecardholder’snameandthecardnumberwereembossed.Furthermore,manycardsbadasignaturefield.Protectionagainstforgerywasprovidedbyvisualfeatures.Therefore,thesystem’ssecuritydependedcompletelyontheretailstaffacceptingthecards.However,thiswasnotanoverwhelmingproblemduetothecard‘sinitialexclusivity.Therewasapressingneedformachine-readablecardstoreducehandlingcostinadditiontothefactthatcardissuer’slossesduegrewfromyeartoyearduetofraud[2].@#@Thefirstimprovementconsistedofamagneticstriponthebackofthecard.Thisalloweddigitaldatatobestoredonthecardinamachine-readableformasasupplementtothevisualdata.Additionally,securityisenhancedbytheuseofasecretpersonalidentificationnumber（PIN）thatiscomparedtoareferencenumberstoredinthemagneticstrip[3].@#@Althoughtheembossedcardwithamagneticstripisstillthemostcommonlyusedtypeofpaymentcard,theysufferfromasevereweaknessinthatdatastoredonthestripcanberead,deletedandrewrittenbyanyonewithaccesstotheappropriateequipment.PINmustbestoredinthehostsysteminasecureenvironment,insteadofonthemagneticstrip.Mostsystemsthatemploymagneticstripcardshaveon-lineconnectionstothesystem’shostcomputerforsecurityreasons.However,thisgeneratesconsiderabledatatransmissioncosts.@#@Thedevelopmentofthesmartcard,combinedwiththeexpansionofelectronicdataprocessinghascreatedcompletelynewpossibilitiesforsolvingthisproblem.Progressinmicroelectronicsinthe1970’smadeitpossibletointegratedatastorageandarithmeticlogiconasinglesiliconchipmeasuringafewsquaremillimeters[2].TheideasofincorporatingsuchanintegratedcircuitintoanIDcardwascontainedinapatentapplicationfiledinJapanbyKunitakaArimurainJapanconcerning“aplasticcardincorporatingoneormoreintegratedcircuitchipsforthegenerationofdistinguishingsignals”in1970[3].However,thefirstrealprogressinthedevelopmentofsmartcardscamewhenRonalMorenoregisteredhissmartcardpatenton“anindependentelectronicobjectwithmemory”inFrancein1974.@#@Abreakthroughwasachievedin1984,whentheFrenchtelecommunication