大学英语四级真题及答案Word版.docx

大学英语四级真题及答案Word版.docx

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大学英语四级真题及答案Word版

新东方：

2008年12月四级写作范文

一、LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBag

1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用

2.造成的问题

3.限制使用的意义

DisposableplasticbagswereoncewidelyusedinChina.Whenwewentshoppingatsupermarketsanddepartmentsstores,shoppingassistantsoftenprovidedfreeplasticbagsforourconvenience.Forawhile,lifewithoutthemseemedunimaginableformostofus.

However,disposableplasticbagsdobringseveredamagetoourenvironment.Costumersusuallythrewthemawayafteruse,andbecausetheyarethinandhardtodecompose,theseplasticproductswillexistforalongtime.Thisisanimmediatethreattoourearthandwater.

Nowadays,thegovernmenthaspassedrelevantregulationsforlimitingtheuseofdisposableplasticbags:

theyarenotfreeanymore.Insomeshoppingplaces,inordertoinvokethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,plasticbagsareofferedinamuchhigherprice.Asaresult,peoplearechangingtheirbehavior:

paperandclothingbagsthatvanishedforalongtimecomebacktoourdailylife.Itistruethatbylimitingitsusage,everyoneinthissocietycontributessomeefforttotheimprovementoftheenvironment.

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

That’senough,kids

ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.

“I’dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe’dshoved,”shesays.”Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,’No,wedon’tpush,”Whathappenednextwasunexpected.

“Theboy’smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,”Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?

”

Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.

Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister’shouseit’sencouraged.Forher,it’saboutkidsbeingkids:

”Ifyoucan’tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?

”

Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt’shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That’sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou’retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.

“Kidsaren’tallraisedthesame,”agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.”Butthereisstillanideathatthey’rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou’resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme.”

Inthosecircumstances,it’sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.

“I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae（直觉）forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”

Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.

ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey’rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,”shesays.

Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:

”Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:

’Iknowyou’llthinkI’msillybutinmyhouseIdon’twant…’”

Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou’recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:

“commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon’tgowell,thenhaveachat.”

There’reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.“Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”

ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:

”Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup,”hesays,“Adultsarescaredofsaying:

’don’tswear’,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They’reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”

Heseesitasalo