PracticalApplication实际应用文档格式.docx

PracticalApplication实际应用文档格式.docx

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Polymer

*CompositeMaterials

*PracticalApplication

*TechNews&

NewTech

MCanxixunInformationandNewsService

Contents

TechNews&

NewTech（技术前沿）3

Researcherspredictmaterialwithrecord-settingmeltingpoint3

研究人员通过创纪录的熔点来预测材料5

Shortwavelengthplasmonsobservedinnanotubes6

纳米管中观察到的短波等离子体7

MetalAlloy（金属合金）9

Cost-savingultrasounddegassingnowpossibleincontinuousprocessingofaluminummelt9

节约成本的超声排气目前可用于铝熔体的连续处理中10

Couldstronger,tougherpaperreplacemetal?

11

更结实、更坚韧的纸张能够取代金属吗？

12

CompositeMaterials（复合材料）13

CIMCompFundsFiveFeasibilityStudiestoDevelopStep-changeTechnologies13

CIMComp资助五个可行性研究，研发阶跃变化技术13

DIABImprovesDivinycellFCoreProductionOutputtoSatisfyForecastDemand14

DIAB提高DivinycellF芯材产量，满足预测需求15

PracticalApplication（实际应用）15

Sol-gelcapacitordielectricoffersrecord-highenergystorage15

溶胶-凝胶电容器介电质的能量储存创纪录新高17

Stickytapethekeytoultrathinsolarcells18

胶带是超薄太阳能电池的关键19

Newmaterialopenspossibilitiesforsuper-long-actingpills19

新型材料有望制造出超长效药丸21

Organic&

Polymer（有机高分子材料）23

MightyMusselGlueforSurgery23

用于手术的强有力的贻贝胶23

Smarthydrogelcoatingcreates“stick-slip”controlofcapillaryaction24

智能水凝胶涂层对毛细作用的“粘滑”控制26

E-Material（电子材料）27

Boxfishshellinspiresnewmaterialsforbodyarmor,flexibleelectronics27

用于防弹衣及软性电子产品的新型材料29

Makingthenewsilicon30

制造新型硅32

Breakingtheterahertzbarrierforgraphenenanoelectronics33

打破石墨烯纳电子学兆赫障碍34

NewTech（技术前沿）

Researcherspredictmaterialwithrecord-settingmeltingpoint

Compoundsmadefromhafniumandcarbonhavesomeofthehighestknownmeltingpoints.Usingcomputersimulations,BrownUniv.engineerspredictthatamaterialmadewithhafnium,nitrogenandcarbonwillhaveahighermeltingpointthananyknownmaterial.Image:

VandeWallelab/BrownUniv.

Usingpowerfulcomputersimulations,researchersfromBrownUniv.haveidentifiedamaterialwithahighermeltingpointthananyknownsubstance.

Thecomputations,describedinPhysicalReviewB（RapidCommunications）,showedthatamaterialmadewithjusttherightamountsofhafnium,nitrogenandcarbonwouldhaveameltingpointofmorethan4,400K（7,460F）.That’sabouttwo-thirdsthetemperatureatthesurfaceofthesun,and200Khigherthanthehighestmeltingpointeverrecordedexperimentally.

Theexperimentalrecord-holderisasubstancemadefromtheelementshafnium,tantalumandcarbon（Hf-Ta-C）.Butthesenewcalculationssuggestthatanoptimalcompositionofhafnium,nitrogenandcarbon—HfN0.38C0.51—isapromisingcandidatetosetanewmark.Thenextstep,whichtheresearchersareundertakingnow,istosynthesizematerialandcorroboratethefindingsinthelaboratory.

“Theadvantageofstartingwiththecomputationalapproachiswecantrylotsofdifferentcombinationsverycheaplyandfindonesthatmightbeworthexperimentingwithinthelab,”saidAxelvandeWalle,associateprofessorofengineeringandco-authorofthestudywithpostdoctoralresearcherQijunHong.“Otherwisewe’djustbeshootinginthedark.Nowweknowwehavesomethingthat’sworthatry.”

Theresearchersusedacomputationaltechniquethatinfersmeltingpointsbysimulatingphysicalprocessesattheatomiclevel,followingthelawofquantummechanics.Thetechniquelooksatthedynamicsofmeltingastheyoccuratthenanoscale,inblocksof100orsoatoms.It'

smoreefficientthantraditionalmethods,butstillcomputationallydemandingduetothelargenumberofpotentialcompoundstotest.TheworkwasdoneusingtheNationalScienceFoundation’sXSEDEcomputernetworkandBrown’s“Oscar”high-performancecomputercluster.

VandeWalleandHongstartedbyanalyzingtheHf-Ta-Cmaterialforwhichthemeltingpointhadalreadybeenexperimentallydetermined.Thesimulationwasabletoelucidatesomeofthefactorsthatcontributetothematerial’sremarkableheattolerance.

TheworkshowedthatHf-Ta-Ccombinedahighheatoffusion（theenergyreleasedorabsorbedwhenittransitionsfromsolidtoliquid）withasmalldifferencebetweentheentropies（disorder）ofthesolidandliquidphases.“Whatmakessomethingmeltistheentropygainedintheprocessofphasetransformation,”vandeWalleexplained.“Soiftheentropyofthesolidisalreadyveryhigh,thattendstostabilizethesolidandincreasethemeltingpoint.”

Theresearchersthenusedthosefindingstolookforcompoundsthatmightmaximizethoseproperties.Theyfoundthatacompoundwithhafnium,nitrogenandcarbonwouldhaveasimilarlyhighheatoffusion,butasmallerdifferencebetweentheentropiesofthesolidandtheliquid.Whentheycalculatedthemeltingpointusingtheircomputationalapproach,itcameout200Khigherthantheexperimentalrecord.

Van