18 19 模块综合检测4Word格式.docx

18 19 模块综合检测4Word格式.docx

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natural，everydayactivitythatwedonotoftenstoptoconsiderhowitactually

works.Whenwedostudyourlanguage，though，weareoftensurprisedthatweare

abletounderstandourconversations.Wordscanmeansomanydifferent

things.However,itturnsoutthatthespeakingsituationhelpsalotinmakinglanguage

work.

First，thespeakingsituationhelpsmakewordsmoreparticular.Forexample，the

word“dog”candescribeadogthataspeakersawinadream.Itcanalsobeusedto

discussaneighbor'

sdog.Nolanguagehasaseparatewordfortheidea“dogthatIsaw

yesterday”andanotherwordfortheidea“dogthatIsawinadream”．Thisisbecause

thespeakingsituationmakesitclearwhatspeakersmeanwhentheyusewords.So，whenyouhaveaconversationwithyourneighbor,theknowledgethatyou

haveadogtellsyourneighborwhattheword“dog”probablymeansinthatsituation.

Thespeakingsituationalsohelpsmakelanguageclearer.Forexample，theword

“bank”hastwopossiblemeanings.Itcanmean“aplacewherepeoplekeepmoney”，butitcanalsomean“thesideofariver”．Sothesentence“Iwenttothebank”isnot

clear.ItcouldmeanIwenttothesideoftheriveroritcouldmeanIwenttotheplace

wheremymoneyiskept.However，ifthespeakeristalkingaboutfishingorgoingto

themountains，othersprobablyknowthat“bank”means“thesideofariver”．

Thethingsthatspeakerssaymaynotalwaysbeclear.Sometimesthewordsare

notveryparticular，butthespeakingsituationcanprovidethemeaning.Othertimes

wordsmayhavemanymeanings.Thenthespeakingsituationlimitstheright

meaning.Thisextraknowledgefromthesituationisveryimportanttounderstand

language.

【语篇解读】本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。

1．Thepassageismainlyabout________.

页1第

A．thebesttimeandplacetotalktoothers

B．howthespeakingsituationhelpslanguagework

C．whattosayindifficultsituations

D．howourlanguageworks

【解析】主旨大意题。

本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。

故选B。

【答案】B

2．Accordingtothepassage，wecansafelysaythat________.

A．thespeakingsituationdoesnotaffectthemeaningofwords

B．speakingisnotverynaturalformostpeople

C．thespeakingsituationisnotimportant

D．peopleoftendonotconsiderhowtalkingworks

【解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Wedonotusuallythinkabouthow

ourlanguageworks.Talkingissuchanatural，everydayactivitythatwedonotoften

stoptoconsiderhowitactuallyworks”可知，选D。

【答案】D

3．Byusingtheexampleoftheword“dog”，thewriterwantstoshowthat

________.

A．awordmayneedtobeexplainedinaconversation

B．awordmayhavedifferentmeanings

C．thespeakingsituationhelpspeopleunderstandtheparticularmeaningofa

word

D．themeaningofwordsisnotparticular

【解析】推理判断题。

根据第二段的第一句话“First，thespeakingsituation

helpsmakewordsmoreparticular”和下文的“Forexample”可知，下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话。

故选C。

【答案】C

页2第

B

【导学号：

94912048】

It'

stheuniversalcryofparents.“Getajob！

”Soliman'

smothertoldSolimanon

theseconddayofhiscollegebreaks.

Afteryearsofdeliveringfurnitureforhismother'

sstore，heknewmanypeople

hadthingstheywantedtogetridof.Ifheborrowedhismom'

struck，hecouldmakea

littlemoneybycarryingawaytheirgarbage.

Onenight，Solimancameupwithanameforhisnewbusiness—CollegeHunks

HaulingJunk.Headvertisedthenextday，andwithinhours，hisphonerang.Heasked

hisfriendFriedmantohelp.Theymade$220inthreehoursbycleaningoutawoman'

s

garbage.SolimanandFriedmanearned$10,000thatsummer.Butthetwoweren'

t

readytobecomefull-timegarbagemenaftergraduation.“Weweretrainedtofinish

collegeandgetagoodjob，”saysSoliman，whofirstworkedataresearch

firm.Friedmanbecameaneconomicanalyst.

Afterworkingforthefirmandthecompanyforawhile，bothofthemchanged

theirminds.Theyquittheirjobsandrestartedtheirbusiness，buthadtroublefindinga

bankwillingtolendthemmoney.“Withinmonths，”saysFriedman，“wewere

prettyupset.”Atlast，onebankriskedlendingthem$50,000.Atfirst，theylost

money.Onecustomeraskedthemtodealwithadozengarbagecansfilledwith

constructiongarbage.Theymeasuredthejobbyvolumeinsteadofbyweightand

chargedjust$130.“Thecansweresoheavythatittookustwoandahalfhours，”

saysSoliman，“anditcostusmorethan$250tocarrytheload.”

However，thetoughexperiencetaughtthemalesson.Theyreducedthecostof

unloadingbyrecyclingmetalsandelectronics.Justfouryearslater,theyrana

nationwidecompanythatearned$3millionin2019.“IfiguredifNickandIfailed，we'

dlearnedmorefromfailingthanfromnottryingatall，”saysSoliman.

【语篇解读】Soliman通过为妈妈的商店运家具，了解到许多人有不想要的东西。

于是他有了一个