牛津版高中英语模块7课本及翻译Word文件下载.docx
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EarlyhistoryofTV
ThefirstpublicshowingsofwirelessTVtransmissionsweremadein1925intheUSAandin1926inBritain.Later,in1928,thefirstlong-distanceTVbroadcastwasmadebetweentheUKandtheUSA.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyafter,firstbeginningon11May1928inNewYorkandinLondonon20August1929.ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.Becauseofthis,itisstilluncertainwhoinventedTV.Altogether,threemencouldberesponsible.
VladimirZworykin,aRussianlivingintheUSA,PhiloFarnsworth,afarmboyfromUtahintheUSA,andJohnLogieBairdfromScotlandallinventedearlyformsofTVbetween1923and1927.
Afewyearslater,colorTVwasfirstshownin1929.Ittookmorethantwodecades,though,until1951,forcolourbroadcaststobeginintheUSA.By1967,mostbroadcastswereincolorandwithinfiveyears,morecolourthanblack-and-whiteTVsetswerebeingused.
Themodernage:
cableTV,satelliteTV,digitalTV,...
CableTVbeganin1948intheUSA,butittook50yearsbefore66percentofAmericanhouseholdshadit.SatelliteswereusedtobroadcastTVbeginningin1962.
SomeconsiderdigitalTVtobesuperiortosatelliteTVbecauseitallowsthesameservicestobedeliveredwithclearerpicturesthanbefore.InternationalstandardsfordigitalTVwereestablishedin1989andwithinfiveyears,consumersintheUSAhadaccessto200channels.By2004,digitalTVsignalswerebeingreceivedby55percentofhouseholdsinBritain.
In1996,acompletelynewconceptwasintroducedwhenthefirstWebTVset-topboxescameontothemarket.ThiscombinestheTVsetwiththeWorldWideWeb.WithinteractiveTVprogramming,youcanplayalongwithgameshows,respondtoquestionnairesandchattootherviewers.
Earlyhistoryofaudiodevices
Itallbeganin1877whenThomasEdisonmadethefirstrecordingofahumanvoice.Tenyearslater,thefirstrecordplayerwasdeveloped.ItwasinventedbyEmileBerliner,aGermanlivingintheUSA.Atthattime,therecordplayerhadtobewoundupbyhandandonlyplayedarecordfortwominutes.In1958,thefirstLPs(long-playrecords)cameontothemarket.
Taperecordersandplayers
1931wastheyearwhenaGermancompanybegantomakethefirsttaperecorders,whichcouldrecordandplaysoundsonatapewoundaroundaroundobject.In1948,threeAmericanscientistsinventedthetransistor,whichisasmallelectronicdevicetocontrolanelectriccurrent,buttheyonlydevelopeditformilitaryuse.TwoyoungJapaneseengineershadabetteridea.Theyboughtthepatentandappliedthetechnologytocreatethetransistorradio.In1954,theinventionofthetransistorledtothedevelopmentofcassetterecorders.Then,in1979,theWalkman,aportablepocket-sizedcassettetapeplayer,wasintroducedandbecamesopopularthatWalkmanwasaddedtotheOxfordEnglishDictionaryin1986.
Soundgoesdigital
In1982,thefirstCDs(compactdiscs)producedbyusingdigitaltechnologyweremadeavailable.In1986,whentheD-50,aportableCDplayer,waslaunched,theDiscmanwasborn.Inthefollowingyears,moreCDrecordingsbecameavailable,andin1988,forthefirsttimeever,peopleweredemandingmoreCDsthanLPs.
ThenextnewdevelopmentwastheMD(MiniDisc)playerin1992.ThisislikeaminiCDplayerbutcanalsorecordmusicandisveryeasytocarry,beingverysmall,asthename‘mini’indicates.
DevelopmentofMP3technologystartedin1987inGermanyandsincethebeginningof1999,thepopularityofMP3hasincreasedtosuchadegreethatmajorcorporationsaretakingovertheportablemusicplayermarketwithMP3players.TheyarethenextsteponfromtheWalkman,DiscmanandMDplayer.BecauseofthepopularityofMP3players,musicwebsiteshavesprungupallovertheInternetofferingMP3musicforpeopletopurchase.
1.Whomightbetheinventor(s)ofthefirstTV?
A.VladimirZworykinfromRussia.B.PhiloFarnsworthfromtheUSA.
C.JohnLogieBairdfromScotland.D.Allthethreeabove.
2.Thepassagementions_______country/countrieswhichhas/haveputdigitalTVintooperationby2004.A.onlyoneB.twoC.three
D.atleastfour
3.WhomighthaveattributedtothedevelopmentoftheWalkman?
A.TwoJapaneseengineers.B.ThreeAmericanscientists.
C.ThomasEdison.D.EmileBerliner.
4.WhatisthemainfactorthatcausesthespringupofmusicwebsitesallovertheInternet?
A.ThepopularityofWalkman.B.ThedevelopmentoftheMDplayer.
C.ThedevelopmentofMP3technology.D.ThewideuseofDiscman.
5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?
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Unit2
TwoLife-savingmedicines
Thisarticlewillfocusontwomedicinesthathavechangedpeople