5ch10SalesWord格式.docx

5ch10SalesWord格式.docx

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a.Thesalemustbeinternational.

1）Thebuyerandsellermusthavetheirplacesofbusinessindifferentstates.

2）Additionally,either:

a）Bothofthestatesmustbecontractingpartiestotheconvention,or

b）TherulesofprivateinternationallawmustleadtotheapplicationofthelawofaContractingState.

1]Note:

CISGmayapplyevenifthebuyer’sandseller’splacesofbusinessarenotinacontractingstate.

2]Exception:

ThefinalprovisionsoftheConventionallowaratifyingstate,ifitwishes,todeclarethatitwillapplytheCISGonlywhenthebuyerandsellerarebothfromcontractingstates.

2.OptingInandOut

a.ThepartiestoacontractmayexcludeormodifytheCISG’sapplicationbya“choiceoflaw”clause.

b.WhetherpartiescanexcludeadomesticlawandadopttheCISGinitsplacedependsontherulesofthestatewherethecaseisheard.

Case10-1.AsanteTechnologies,Inc.v.PMC-Sierra,Inc.

3.SaleDefined

a.CISGdoesnotdirectlydefineasale.

b.Implieddefinition:

Thedeliveryofthegoodsandtheirsupportingdocumentationbythesellerandthepaymentoftheirpricebythebuyer.

4.GoodsDefined

a.CISGdoesnotdirectlydefinegoods.

1）ThedraftersassumedthattheCISGonlyappliestogoodsthataremovableandtangible.

a）Thisisinaccordwithinternationalusage.

b.CISGlistthesalesandgoodsthatareexcludedfromitscoverage.

1）Salestransactionsthatareexcluded:

a）Goodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhouseholduse.

1]Thisexclusiondoesnotapplyunlessthesellerkneworoughttohaveknownthatthegoodswereboughtforpersonaluseorconsumption.

b）Auctionsales.

c）Salesonexecutionorotherwisebyauthorityoflaw.

2）Goodsthatareexcluded:

a）Stocks,shares,investmentsecurities,negotiableinstrumentsormoney.

Manysimilargoodsarenotexcluded（e.g.,patents,copyrights,andtrademarks）.

b）Ships,vessels,hovercraftoraircraft.

c）Electricity.

5.MixedSales

a.MixedsalesandservicescontractsaretreatedbytheCISGassalesofgoods,unless“thepreponderantpartoftheobligations”oftheseller“consistsinthesupplyoflabororotherservices.”

1）Preponderantprobablymeansmorethanhalf.

2）Whetherthisismeasuredbythecost,thesaleprice,orbysomeotherbasisisnotclear.

b.Contractsforgoodstobemanufacturedaresalesunlessthebuyerundertakestosupplyasubstantialpartofthematerials.

1）Substantialisprobablylessthanhalf.

C.CONTRACTUALISSUESEXCLUDEDFROMTHECOVERAGEOFTHECONVENTION

1.TheCISGOnlyDealsWith:

a.Theformationofcontracts.

b.Theremediesavailabletothebuyerandseller.

2.TheCISGSpecificallyExcludesQuestionsAbout:

a.Thelegalityofthecontract.

c.Therightsofthirdparties.

d.Liabilityfordeathorpersonalinjury.

3.Preemption:

WhentheCISGapplies,domesticlawispreempted.

a.Reason:

theCISG’sbasicfunctionistoestablishuniformrulesforinternationalsalescontracts.

b.ScopeoftheCISG.

1）CISGappliestocontractualissues.

a）CISGpreemptsthelocallawevenifthelocallawgivesadifferentnametoaparticularremedy.

b）CISGpreemptsthelocallawevenifthelocallawaddsadditionalelementstoamatterthatiscontractualinnature.

D.INTERPRETINGTHECONVENTION

1.InterpretingtheProvisionsoftheCISG

b.Considerthefollowingsources,inthefollowingorder:

1）TheConvention.

2）ThegeneralprinciplesonwhichtheConventionisbased.

3）Therulesofprivateinternationallaw.

2.InterpretingtheCISG

a.TointerpretthewordsoftheCISGitself,consider:

1）TheinternationalcharacteroftheConvention.

2）TheneedtopromoteuniformityintheConvention’sapplication.

3）Theobligationtoobservegoodfaith.

b.Rulesofinterpretation.

1）“Plainmeaning”:

LookatthewordsofConventionitself.

2）Travauxpreparatoires:

LooktotheCISG’slegislativehistorytodetermineitsintent.

3）Precedent:

UsecaselawtointerprettheCISG.

3.GeneralPrinciples

a.TheCISGcallsforcourtstolooktothegeneralprinciplesonwhichtheConventionisbasedwheninterpretingitsprovisions.

1）TheCISGgivesnolistofgeneralprinciples.

a）Suggestedprinciples（thatappear,invaryingforms,throughouttheconvention）:

2]Partieshavetheobligationtomitigatedamagesresultingfromabreach.

2）TheCISGrequiresthatgeneralprinciplesbederivedonlyfromrulesgivenwithintheConventionitself.

4.RulesofPrivateInternationalLaw

a.Rulesofprivateinternationallawmaybeusedonlywhen:

1）TheConventionitselfdoesnotdirectlysettle