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TheGreatGatsby
AUTHOR
F.ScottFitzgerald
TYPEOFWORK
Novel
GENRE
Modernistnovel,JazzAgenovel,novelofmanners
TIMEANDPLACEWRITTEN
1923–1924,AmericaandFrance
DATEOFFIRSTPUBLICATION
1925
NARRATOR
NickCarraway;
Carrawaynotonlynarratesthestorybutimpliesthatheisthebook’sauthor
POINTOFVIEW
NickCarrawaynarratesinbothfirstandthirdperson,presentingonlywhathehimselfobserves.Nickalternatessectionswherehepresentseventsobjectively,astheyappearedtohimatthetime,withsectionswherehegiveshisowninterpretationsofthestory’smeaningandofthemotivationsoftheothercharacters.
TONE
Nick’sattitudestowardGatsbyandGatsby’sstoryareambivalentandcontradictory.AttimesheseemstodisapproveofGatsby’sexcessesandbreachesofmannersandethics,buthealsoromanticizesandadmiresGatsby,describingtheeventsofthenovelinanostalgicandelegiactone.
TENSE
Past
SETTING(TIME)
Summer1922
SETTINGS(PLACE)
LongIslandandNewYorkCity
PROTAGONIST
Gatsbyand/orNick
MAJORCONFLICT
Gatsbyhasamassedavastfortuneinordertowintheaffectionsoftheupper-classDaisyBuchanan,buthismysteriouspaststandsinthewayofhisbeingacceptedbyher.
RISINGACTION
Gatsby’slavishparties,Gatsby’sarrangementofameetingwithDaisyatNick’s
CLIMAX
Therearetwopossibleclimaxes:
Gatsby’sreunionwithDaisyinChapters5–6;
theconfrontationbetweenGatsbyandTominthePlazaHotelinChapter7.
FALLINGACTION
Daisy’srejectionofGatsby,Myrtle’sdeath,Gatsby’smurder
THEMES
ThedeclineoftheAmericandream,thespiritofthe1920s,thedifferencebetweensocialclasses,theroleofsymbolsinthehumanconceptionofmeaning,theroleofthepastindreamsofthefuture
MOTIFS
Theconnectionbetweeneventsandweather,theconnectionbetweengeographicallocationandsocialvalues,imagesoftime,extravagantparties,thequestforwealth
SYMBOLS
ThegreenlightonDaisy’sdock,theeyesofDoctorT.J.Eckleburg,thevalleyofashes,Gatsby’sparties,EastEgg,WestEgg
FORESHADOWING
ThecarwreckafterGatsby’spartyinChapter3,OwlEyes’scommentsaboutthetheatricalityofGatsby’slife,themysterioustelephonecallsGatsbyreceivesfromChicagoandPhiladelphia
1.AnalysisofMajorCharacters
JayGatsby
ThetitlecharacterofTheGreatGatsbyisayoungman,aroundthirtyyearsold,whorosefromanimpoverishedchildhoodinruralNorthDakotatobecomefabulouslywealthy.However,heachievedthisloftygoalbyparticipatinginorganizedcrime,includingdistributingillegalalcoholandtradinginstolensecurities.Fromhisearlyyouth,Gatsbydespisedpovertyandlongedforwealthandsophistication—hedroppedoutofSt.Olaf’sCollegeafteronlytwoweeksbecausehecouldnotbearthejanitorialjobwithwhichhewaspayinghistuition.ThoughGatsbyhasalwayswantedtoberich,hismainmotivationinacquiringhisfortunewashisloveforDaisyBuchanan,whomhemetasayoungmilitaryofficerinLouisvillebeforeleavingtofightinWorldWarIin1917.GatsbyimmediatelyfellinlovewithDaisy’sauraofluxury,grace,andcharm,andliedtoherabouthisownbackgroundinordertoconvinceherthathewasgoodenoughforher.Daisypromisedtowaitforhimwhenheleftforthewar,butmarriedTomBuchananin1919,whileGatsbywasstudyingatOxfordafterthewarinanattempttogainaneducation.Fromthatmomenton,GatsbydedicatedhimselftowinningDaisyback,andhisacquisitionofmillionsofdollars,hispurchaseofagaudymansiononWestEgg,andhislavishweeklypartiesareallmerelymeanstothatend.
Fitzgeralddelaystheintroductionofmostofthisinformationuntilfairlylateinthenovel.Gatsby’sreputationprecedeshim—GatsbyhimselfdoesnotappearinaspeakingroleuntilChapter3.FitzgeraldinitiallypresentsGatsbyasthealoof,enigmatichostoftheunbelievablyopulentpartiesthrowneveryweekathismansion.Heappearssurroundedbyspectacularluxury,courtedbypowerfulmenandbeautifulwomen.HeisthesubjectofawhirlwindofgossipthroughoutNewYorkandisalreadyakindoflegendarycelebritybeforeheiseverintroducedtothereader.FitzgeraldpropelsthenovelforwardthroughtheearlychaptersbyshroudingGatsby’sbackgroundandthesourceofhiswealthinmystery(thereaderlearnsaboutGatsby’schildhoodinChapter6andreceivesdefinitiveproofofhiscriminaldealingsinChapter7).Asaresult,thereader’sfirst,distantimpressionsofGatsbystrikequiteadifferentnotefromthatofthelovesick,naiveyoungmanwhoemergesduringthelaterpartofthenovel.
FitzgeraldusesthistechniqueofdelayedcharacterrevelationtoemphasizethetheatricalqualityofGatsby’sapproachtolife,whichisan