自考00832英语词汇学-自考本科词汇学重点笔记Word文档格式.docx

自考00832英语词汇学-自考本科词汇学重点笔记Word文档格式.docx

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EnglishLexicologyiscorrelatedwithsuchlinguisticdisciplinesasmorphology（形态学）,semantics（语义

学）,etymology（词源学）,styl istics（文体论）andlexicogr叩hy（词典学）

ThereasonforastudenttostudyEnglishlexicology:

Accordingtothetextbook,EnglishLexicologywilldefinitelybebeneficialforstudentsofEnglish.

AgoodknowIedgeofmorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandrulesofword-formationwillhelplearnersdeveloptheirpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreasetheirwordpower.Theinformationofthehistoricaldevelopmentandtheprinciplesofclassificationwillgivethemadeeperunderstandingofword-meaningandenablethemtoorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively.Theunderstandingandtheirsenserelationswillgraduallyraisetheirawarenessofmeaningandusage,andenablethemusewordsmoreoccuratelyandappropriately.Aworkingknowledgeofdictionarieswillimprcvetheirskillsofusingreferencebooksandraisetheirproblem-solvingabilityandefficiencyofindividualstudy.

Chapter1--Basicconceptsofwordsandvocabulary

Word（词的定义）:

Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.（l）aminimalfreeformofalanguage

（2）asoundunity（3）aunitofmeaning（4）aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence

Soundandmeanhg（声音与意义）：

almostarbitrary,ttnologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactuaIthingandideaitself1

Soundandform（读音和形式环统一的四4^H（l）theEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans.whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachother

（2）thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears（3）someofthedifferencewerecreatesbytheearlyscribes（4）theborrowingsisanimporlentchannelofenrickingtheEnglishvocabdary

Vocabulary（词汇）：

allthewordsinalanguagemakeupitsvocabulary

ClassificationofEnglishWords：

Byusefrequency：

basicwordstockdnonbasicvocabdaryBynotiorvconteritwords<

Sfunctionalwords

Byorigirvnativewordsdborrowedwords

Thebasicwordstock（基本词汇）：

isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage.ThoughitconstituteasmallpercentageoftheEV,itisthemostimportantpartofvocabulary.

TheFundamentalFeaturesoftheBasicWordStock（基本词汇的懒E）

1）AII-Nationalcharacter（全民通用性mostimportant）2）Stability（相对稳定性）3）Productivity（多产性）4）Polysemy（多义性）5）Collocability（可搭配性）

没有上述必御words/DTerminology（术语）

（2）Jargon（行话）（3）slang（俚语）（4）Argot（暗语）（5）Dialectalwords（方言）（6）Archaisms（古语）（7）Neologisms（新词语）:

Neologismsmeansnewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings.（email）

Contentwords/notiordwords实词《loud,runwalkznever,five,frequently）andfunctionalwords/emptywords虚词（on,of,and,be,but）

NativeWordsandBorrowedWords

1/10

Nativewords（本族语词）：

knownasAnglo-Saxonwords（50,000-60,000）,arewordsbroughttoBritaininthe5thcenturybytheGermanictribes,（mainstreamofthebasicword-$tocks）.Twootherfeatunes：

（l）neutrdinstyle

（2）frequentinuse

Borrowedwords/Loanwords（夕卜来语词）：

wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguages。

。

％ofmodernEV）

4Typesofloanwords:

1）denizens（同化词）：

（shirtfromskyrta（ON））

2） aliens（非同化词/夕卜来词）:

areborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling（kowtow（CH）磕头）

3） translationloans（译借词）:

按其他语言方式组成英语longtimenosee（fromChina）

4） semanticloans（借义词）：

theyarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform,buttheirmeaningsareborrowed

Chapter2 thedevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary

TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily（印欧语系）

TheThreeStagesofDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary：

1OldEnglish（450-1100）（vocabulary50,000to60,000）：

wasIhighinflectedlanguage.

2MiddleEnglish（1150-1500）：

retaimsmuchfewerinflections

3ModernEnglish（1500-uptonow）：

infactmorethan25%ofmodernEwordscomealmostdirectlyfromclassicallanguages.InModernE,wordsendingsweremostlylostwithjustafewexpectionsEngli$hhasevolvedfromasyntheticlangu宇（OldEnglish）tothepresentanalyticlanguage.

ModesofVocabularyDevelopment（词汇的发展椒0：

1） creation仓U造新词:

theformationofnewwordsbyusingtheexisthgmaterials,namelytootspffixesandotherelements.（最重要方式）

2） semanticchange旧词新义:

doesnotincreosethenumberofwordformsbutcreatemanymorenewuseagesofthewords.

3） borrowing借用夕卜