a dialogue on personal identity and immortalityWord格式.docx
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DaveCohenisaformerstudentofhers.
TheFirstNight
COHEN:
Icanhardlybelievewhatyousay,Gretchen.Youarelucidanddonotappeartobeingreatpain.Andyetyousaythingsarehopeless?
WEIROB:
ThesedevicescankeepmealiveforanotherdayortwoatmostSomeofmyvitalorganshavebeeninjuredbeyondanythingthedoctorsknowhowtorepair,apartfromcertainratherradicalmeasuresIhaverejected.Iamnotinmuchpain.ButasIunderstanditthatisnotaparticularlygoodsign.MybrainwasuninjuredandIguessthat’swhyIamaslucidasIeveram.Thewholesituationisabitdepressing,Ifear.Buthere’sSamMiller.Perhapshewillknowhowtocheermeup.
MILLER:
Goodevening,Gretchen.Hello,Dave.Iguessthere’snotmuchpointinbeatingaroundthebush,Gretchen;
themedicstellmeyou’reagoner.IsthereanythingIcandotohelp?
Crimenetley,Sam!
Youdealwiththedyingeveryday.Don’tyouhaveanythingmorecomfortingtosaythan“Sorrytohearyou’reagoner”?
Well,totellyouthetruth,I’malittleatalossforwhattosaytoyou.MostpeopleIdealwitharebelieverslikeIam.Wetalkoftheprospectsforsurvival.IgiveassurancethatGod,whoisjustandmerciful,wouldnotpermitsuchatravestyasthatourshortlifeonthisearthshouldbetheendofthings.ButyouandIhavetalkedaboutreligiousandphilosophicalissuesforyears.IhaveneverbeenabletofindinyoutheleastinclinationtobelieveinGod;
indeed,it’sararedaywhenyouaresurethatyourfriendshaveminds,orthatyoucanseeyourownhandinfrontofyourface,orthatthereisanyreasontobelievethatthesunwillrisetomorrow.HowcanIhopetocomfortyouwiththeprospectoflifeafterdeath,whenIknowyouwillregarditashavingnoprobabilitywhatsoever?
Iwouldnotrequiresomuchtobecomforted,Sam.Eventhepossibilityofsomethingquiteimprobablecanbecomforting,incertainsituations.Whenweusedtoplaytennis,Ibeatyounomorethanonetimeintwenty.Butthiswasenoughtoestablishthepossibilityofbeatingyouonanygivenoccasion,andbyfocusingmerelyonthepossibilityIremainedeagertoplay.Entombedinasecureprison,thinkingoursituationquitehopeless,wemayfindunutterablejoyintheinformationthatthereis,afterall,theslimmestpossibilityofescape.Hopeprovidescomfort,andhopedoesnotalwaysrequireprobability.Butwemustbelievethatwhatwehopeforisatleastpossible.SoIwillsetaneasiertaskforyou.Simplypersuademethatmysurvivalafterthedeathofthisbodyispossible,andIpromisetobecomforted.Whetheryousucceedornot,yourattemptswillbeadiversion,foryouknowIliketotalkphilosophymorethananythingelse.
Butwhatispossibility,ifnotreasonableprobability?
Idonotmeanpossibleinthesenseoflikely,oreveninthesenseofconformingtotheknownlawsofphysicsorbiology.Imeanpossibleonlyintheweakestsense—ofbeingconceivable,giventheunavoidablefacts.Withinthenextcoupleofdays,thisbodywilldie.Itwillbeburiedanditwillrotaway.Iaskthat,giventhesefacts,youexplaintomehowitevenmakessensetotalkofmecontinuingtoexistJustexplaintomewhatitisIamtoimagine,whenIimaginesurviving,thatisconsistentwiththesefacts,andIshallbecomforted.
Butthenwhatistheretodo?
Therearemanyconceptionsofimmortality,ofsurvivalpastthegrave,whichallseemtomakegoodsense.Surelynotthepossibility,butonlytheprobability,canbedoubted.Takeyourchoice!
Christiansbelieveinlife,withabody,insomehereafter—thedetailsvary,ofcourse,fromsecttosectThereistheGreekideaofthebodyasaprison,fromwhichweescapeatdeath—sothatwehavecontinuedlifewithoutabody.Thenthereareconceptionsinwhich,sotospeak,wemergewiththeflowofbeing—
Imustcutshortyourlessonincomparativereligion.Survivalmeanssurviving,nomore,noless.IhavenodoubtsthatIshallmergewithbeing;
plantswilltakerootinmyremains,andthechemicalsthatIamwillcontinuetomaketheircontributiontolife.Iamenoughofanecologisttobecomforted.Butsurvival,ifitisanything,mustoffercomfortsofadifferentsort,thecomfortsofanticipation.Survivalmeansthattomorrow,orsometimeinthefuture,therewillbesomeonewhowillexperience,whowillseeandtouchandsmell—orattheveryleast,thinkandreasonandremember.Andthispersonwillbeme.Thispe