网约车外文文献翻译中英文Word格式.docx

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期干0：

TransportationResearchPartA:

PolicyandPractice,第115卷,2018,页码：

63-70

译文字数：

7000多字

原文

Theeffectsofride-hailingcompaniesonthetaxicabindustryinLas

Vegas,Nevada

SethContreras,AlexanderPaz

Abstract

Ride-hailing,orride-sourcing,companiescontinuetopenetratethegrowingmarketoftransportation-for-hireservicesinmajormetropolitancitiesallacrosstheglobe,bothrevolutionizingtravelandredefiningtheconceptofthetaxicabexperience.Sincethefallof2015,LasVegas,Nevada,wasaddedtotheever-growinglistofmetropoliseswithsuchride-hailingcompanies（RHCs）.Forcitieswhoseeconomiesarebuiltpredominatelyonthefoundationsoftourism,questionsinevitablyhavebeenraisedregardingtheeffectsthatRHCshaveontheirrespectivetransportationsystemoperators,inparticular,thetaxicabindustry.InLasVegas,servicessuchasUber（UberTechnologiesInc.）andLyft（L）competedirectlywiththetaxicabindustryforriderswithintheresortcorridorandacrossthevalley.Inthisstudy,a

multinomiallinear regressionanalysis used a

multi-modal,time-seriestraveldatasettoestimatetheeffectsofRHCsontaxicabridership.Aftercontrollingforanumberofexplanatoryvariables,includingthetotalnumberofmonthlyvisitors,transitridership,ride-hailingtripcountsto/fromtheairportandseveralothersocioeconomicindicators,theresultsshowedthatRHCsdoinfacthaveanegative,andsignificant,effectontaxicabridership.Aperhapsmoreprofoundandcounterintuitivefindinghoweverwasthattransitridershipalongtheresortcorridoractuallycomplements（ratherthancompeteswith）taxiridership;

thiscouldhavesignificantimplicationsmovingforward.

1.Introduction

Ride-hailingalsoknownasride-sourcing,ride-sharing,vehicle-for-hire,oron-demandrideservices—istheactofrequestingaridefromaprivatepassengervehiclebymeansoftheportalofawebapplication（orapp）fromahandheldsmartphone.Thistypeofsystemissetupandmanagedbyride-hailingcompanies（RHCs）,suchasUber,Lyft,orDiDi.Ultimately,theseRHCsserveasthebrokerbetweentheriderequestorandthedriver,whooperatesandmaintainshis/herownprivatevehicle;

servicesincludeassigninganavailabledrivertotherequestedtripandhandlingallelectronicchargesandtransactionfees.Ride-hailingserviceshavegrownexponentiallyinpopularityoverthepastfouryears,providingservicetoamajorityofmetropolitanregionsspanningover66countries.Almostovernight,theservicehasinstantaneouslyredefinedthetaxicabindustrywithitsuser-friendlyplatform,whichincludesaddedconvenience,easeofpayment,completedoor-to-doorservice,minimalwaittimes,andcomparativelylowout-of-pocketcost.

Itwouldbedisingenuous,however,nottomentionthemagnitudeofcontroversythathassurroundedRHCssincetheirinitialconception,andtheongoinglitigationbattlesamongtaxicabunions,statelawmakers,countycommissions,andlocalcitycouncilsregardingregulatorystatutesimposedonride-sourcingcompanies.Theoppositionarguesthatsuchaserviceisnodifferentfromtaxis,andthatRHCsshouldbeheldtothesameoperatingrequirementsandregulationsastaxicompanies,includinglicensing,fareregulation,andvehicleanddriversafetystandardsinordertomaintainanequalandfairplayingfield.ConsideringthatthisparticularissueregardingRHCsalreadyhasbeencloselyexamined（Schaller,2007,Kahn,1988,Rayleetal.,2014,CohenandShaheen,2016,Shaheenetal.,2016）,thisstudyattemptstoavoidanyfurtherdialogueconcerningthelegalityofride-hailingservices.Instead,thisstudyfocusesontheeffectsthatsuchnewservicemayhaveonthecompetitorsofRHCs,specificallythetaxicabindustryinLasVegas,Nevada.

Theoriginsofride-hailingcandatebacktoasearlyasthe1950s,

whencar-sharingclubsfirstemergedintheUnitesStates（ChanandShaheen,2012）.Bythe1990s,whenreal-time,ride-sourcingprojectsfailedprematurelyduetothelackofawidespreadpresenceofaworldwide communications web network,

ortelecommunicationplatformsforthatmatter（i.e.,theinternetandsmartphones）.In2011,Uber,formallycalledtheUberCab（UberTechnologies,Inc.）,becamethefirstcommercializedride-hailingserviceintheSanFranciscoBayarea,followedbyLyft（LyftCompany）inthesummerof2012;

thesetwoservicesofficiallyintroduceddirectcompetitiontothetraditionalride-hailingservicesprovidedbytaxis.

Currently,bothservices（UberandLyft）areavailableinLasVegas,Nevada,andcanbeidentifiedeasilybythestickerwiththecompany'

slogoattachedtotheinsideofthefrontwindshieldofthevehicle.Inotherpartsoftheworld,suchRHCsmayhavelimitedaccessorarerestrictedaltogetherfromenteringairportpick-upanddrop-offterminals,includingthe