考研英语一真题及答案Word格式.docx

考研英语一真题及答案Word格式.docx

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Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareallavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou 4can’tfindnorth,afewtricksmayhelpyou

navigate5tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourself6atrail,butnotinacompletely7areaofland,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:

Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9 ,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould10seesignsofpeople.

Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights—youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another12 :

Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13 ,evenindense

forest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

18 ,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19we

leaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.

1. [A] Some [B] Most [C] Few [D] All

2. [A] put [B] take [C] run [D] come

3. [A] Since [B] If [C] Though [D] Until

4. [A] formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally

5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away

6. [A] onto [B] off [C] across [D] along

7. [A] unattractive [B] uncrowded [C] unchanged [D] unfamiliar

8. [A] site [B] point [C] way [D] place

9. [A] So [B] Yet [C] Instead [D] Besides

10. [A] immediately [B] intentionally [C] unexpectedly [D] eventually

11. [A] surprised [B] annoyed [C] frightened [D] confused

12. [A] problem [B] option [C] view [D] result

13. [A] Aboveall [B] Incontrast [C] Onaverage [D] Forexample

14. [A] bridge [B] avoid [C] spot [D] separate

15. [A] from [B] through [C] beyond [D] under

16. [A] posts [B] links [C] shades [D] breaks

17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited

18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] Incidentally [D] Generally

19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings

20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitutions.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelong-termdecision-making,notonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism.”

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshorterattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslastsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism”,suchaschangesinthetax