英语基础语法Word格式.doc
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bedoing
bebeingdone
现在完成时
have/hasdone
have/hasbeendone
现在完成进行时
have/hasbeendoing
过去
一般过去时
sb.did
sth.was/weredone
过去进行时
was/weredoing
was/werebeingdone
过去完成时
haddone
hadbeendone
将来
一般将来时
sb.willdo
sth.willbedone
将来进行时
willbedoing
willbebeingdone
将来完成时
willhavedone
willhavebeendone
一般过去将来
sb.woulddo
sth.wouldbedone
过去将来进行时
wouldbedoing
wouldbebeingdone
过去将来完成时
wouldhavedone
wouldhavebeendone
3.从句
1)主语从句2)宾语从句
3)表语从句4)定语从句
5)状语从句6)同位语从句
4.其他句型:
包括强调句、倒装句、not...unitl句型、虚拟语气、英语四大规则等。
主语从句
I.主语从句:
主语是个句子,或者说从句在句中充当主语.
1.当主语是陈述句时,连接词是that即:
that(不省略)+该陈述句
Eg.1.)Thatwewillbelateiscertain.(Wewillbelate.)
2.)Thathedidnotcomeyesterdayisapity.(Hedidnotcomeyesterday.)
(注意)主语从句的that一定不能省略,而宾语从句中的that可以省略。
Eg.1.)Thatwewillbelateiscertain.(主语从句,that不能省略)
2.)Ihope(that)wewillwinthegame.(宾语从句,that可以省略)
2.当主语是一般疑问句时,连接词是whether(ornot)
即:
whether(ornot)+该一般疑问句的陈述语序
(注意)“if”不能引导主语从句,这要与宾语从句进行区分。
Eg.1.)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.(Willhegothere?
)
2.)Whethertheycanfinishthejob(ornot)isnotclear.
(Cantheyfinishthejob?
3.当主语是特殊疑问句时,连接词是特殊疑问词“8W+H”
特殊疑问词“8W+H”+该特殊疑问句的陈述语序
(注:
8W指的是what/where/which/who/whom/why/whose/when,H指的是how)
Eg.1.)Whathedidyesterdayisnotknown.(Whatdidhedoyesterday?
2.)Wherehewentyesterdayisnotclear.(Wheredidhegoyesterday?
3.)Whichteamhelikedhasnotbeendecided.(Whichteamdidhelike?
4.)Whowonthegameseemscertain.(Whowonthegame?
5.)Whomhemetyesterdayisnotclear.(Whomdidhemeetyesterday?
6.)Whyhewaslateforthemeetingistobefoundout.
(Whywashelateforthemeeting?
7.)Whosebookthisisisnotclear.(Whosebookisthis?
8.)Whenhewillarriveisnotknown.(Whenwillhearrive?
9.)Howwewillhelpthelostboywillbediscussedatthemeeting.
(Howwillwehelpthelostboy?
)
II.(注意一)主语从句后置!
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
Eg.1.)Thatwewillbelateiscertain.
--It’scertainthatwewillbelate.
2.)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.
--Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.
3.)Wherehewentyesterdayisnotclear.
--Itisnotclearwherehewentyesterday.
●It作形式主语常用句型:
(that引导的主语从句是真正的主语)
Itispossible/important/necessary/clearthat...
It’ssaid/reportedthat..据说/据报道…
It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已经通知/宣布…
Itseems/appears/happensthat…显然、明显、碰巧..
It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…
(注意二)主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数。
What引导的主语从句,谓语动词根据表语决定
Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.
Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.
(注意三)What与that引导主语从句的区别
Eg.
(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(Whatdidyousayyesterday?
(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.(Sheisstillalive.)
练习题
1.___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.
A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How
2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere
3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry.
A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.It
4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.
A.waterisB.thatwateris
C.iswaterD.thatwaterto
宾语从句
I.宾语从句:
宾语是个句子,或者说从句在句中充当宾语.
1.当宾语是陈述句时,连接词是that即:
that(可省略)+该陈述句
Eg.1.)Ihope(that)hewillcometomorrow.(Hewillcometomorrow.)
2.)Heguesses(that)thisteamwillwin.(Thisteamwillwin.)
2.)Ibelieve(that)wewillwinthegame.(宾语从句,that可以省略)
2.当宾语是一般疑问句时,连接词是whether(ornot)/if
whether(ornot)/if+该一般疑问句的陈述语序
Eg.1.)Iaskwhether/ifTomknowsJack.(DoesTomknowJack?
2.)Idon’tknowwhether/ifhecamebackyesterday.(Didhecomebackyesterday?
3.当宾语是特殊疑问句时,连接词是特殊疑问词“8W+H”
8W--what/where/which/who/whom/why/whose/when,H--how)
Eg.1.)Idon’tknowwhathedidyesterday.(Whatdidhedoyesterday?
2.)Hewantstoknowwherehewentyesterday.(Wheredidhegoyesterday?
3.)Hedidn’ttellmewhichteamheliked.(Whichteamdidhelike?
4.)Wewanttoknowwhowonthegameatlast.(Whowonthegame?
5.)Hismomaskedwhomhemetyesterday.(Whomdidhemeetyesterday?
6.)Hedidn’tfindoutwhyhewaslateforthemeeting.
7.)Iamnotsurewhosebookthisis.(Whosebookisthis?
8.)Theyaskmewhenhewillarrive.(Whenwillhearrive?
9)Wehavediscusse