人与宠物的关系研究外文文献翻译中英文Word文件下载.docx

人与宠物的关系研究外文文献翻译中英文Word文件下载.docx

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viewoftheirpets'

emotions,intellect,andmutualrelationship:

catsanddogscompared.[J].BehaviouralProcesses,2017,Vol.141,316-321

译文字数：

4900多字

原文

Owners’viewoftheirpets’emotions,intellect,andmutualrelationship:

Catsanddogscompared

MinoriArahori，HikaKuroshima，

YusukeHori，SahoTakagi，HitomiChijiiwa，KazuoFujitaa

Abstract

Companionanimalshaveestablishedspecialrelationshipswithhumans,asdemonstratedbymanystudiesdescribingtheirabilitiesandbondstocommunicatewithhumans.Inthisquestionnaire-basedstudy,weexploredowners’viewsofpetsintermsoftheiremotionalandintellectualfunctionsandtheirrelationshipwithowners,andcomparedtheresultsbetweencatownersanddogowners.Wefoundthatalthoughbothtypesofownersmostoftenregardedtheirpetsas“familymembers,”thistendencywasweakerincatowners.Catownersalsoscoredsignificantlylowerthandogownersforsomeemotionsandintellecttheythoughttheirpetsmighthave.Additionally,catownerswhoregardtheircatsasfamilymemberstendtoattribute“compassion”totheircatsmorestronglythancatownerswhoregardtheirpetsasnon-family.Thisstudyrevealedthatsomeaspectsofcatowners’viewsoftheirpetsdifferfromthoseofdogowners.Thesefindingmayhelpustobetterunderstandourheterospecificcompanionsandestablishgoodrelationshipswiththem.

Keywords：

Pet–ownerrelationship，Cat，Dog，Questionnaire

1.?

Introduction

Companionanimalshaveaspecialandcloserelationshipwithhumans（Zilcha-Manoetal.,2011）thatdiffersfromthoseinother（e.g.?

farm,laboratory）domesticatedanimals.Forexample,domesticdogs（Canis?

familiaris）,theoldestdomesticatedcompanionanimals（Thalmannetal.,2013）,havebeenshowntopossesshighlydevelopedabilitiestounderstandhumansignals（see?

Cooperetal.,2003,forareview）,probablyduetostrongselectivepressureondogstoworkcollaborativelywithhumansinadditiontotheirpossiblepre-adaptationtodomestication,partiallyderivedfromthesocialnatureoftheirancestors（Marshall-PesciniandKaminski,2014,?

Price,2002）.Thissuccessfuldomesticationmayhaveresultedindog–ownerrelationshipshavingsimilaritiestochild–parentones,asrevealedbyquestionnairesurveysandbehavioralexperiments（Payneetal.,2015,forareview）.

Domesticcats（Felis?

catus）areanothermostpopularcompanionspecies.Although?

felid?

speciesarebasicallysolitarywith?

lions?

andafewotherspeciesunderspecificconditionsasexceptions（Bradshaw,2013）,domesticcatsarecapableoflivingingroups（CafazzoandNatoli,2009）andhavebeensuccessfullydomesticatedascompanionanimalslikedogs（e.g.?

Driscolletal.,2007,?

Linseeleetal.,2007,?

Vigneetal.,2004）.Recentstudieshavedemonstrateddog-likesocialcognitiveskillsincats,thoughsometimeslessdevelopedthanindogs（e.g.?

Mikló

sietal.,2005,?

Merolaetal.,2015）.Somestudieshaveexaminedcat–ownerattachmentswiththesamemethodologyasdogs,butwithconflictingresults（Edwardsetal.,2007,?

PotterandMills,2015）.Overall,dogsandcatsarebothdomesticatedcompanionanimals,butstudiessuggestthattheirmentalfunctionsorabilitiesmaybedifferent.

Aninterestingquestionishowownersoftheseanimalsconceiveandratementalfunctionsoftheircompanions.?

Morrisetal.（2008）?

askedownersofvariousanimals（e.g.dog,cat,bird）whethertheywitnessedvariousemotionsintheirpets.Mostrespondentsreportedthattheirpetsshowedprimaryemotions（e.g.joy,sadness）except“disgust,”andmorethan40%ofdog,cat,andhorseownersalsoreportedthattheirpetsshowedsecondaryemotions（e.g.shame,pride）.?

Konoketal.（2015）askeddogowners“Whatdoyouthinkwhichemotionshumanscanrecognizeindogs?

”Theownersclaimedtorecognize83%oftheprimaryemotionsand58%ofthesecondaryemotions.Unfortunately,however,bothoftheabovestudiesusedsimpletwo-pointscales,thatis,yesorno.Amorequantitativestudyisrequiredtoexaminewhatpetownersbelieveaboutmentalfunctionsintheirpets.Suchamoredetailedanalysiswouldalsohelptouncoveranysubtledifferencesthatmightexistbetweenhowcatownersanddogownersconceiveoftheirpets.

Previousstudieshaveindicatedthatowners’characteristicsandconceptionsoftheircompanionsalsoaffecttheirattitudetotheirpetsandhuman–petattachment.?

Wanetal.（2009）?

demonstratedthatHungarianandAmericanownersofGermanshepherddogsratedsomeitemsintheBudapestCaninePersonalitySurveydifferently,suggestingthatculturalbackgroundmightinfluenceowners’viewsoftheirdogs.?

Goslingetal.（2010）?

revealeddifferencesin“Big-five”（personality）scoresbetweendogloversandcatlovers.?

Serpell（1996）?

foundanassociationbetweenowners’attachmentlevelandsati