大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟130.docx

大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟130.docx

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大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟130

[大学英语考试复习资料]大学四级模拟130

大学四级模拟130

PartⅠWriting

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicMyIdeaonHowforBeijingtoPreparethe2008OlympicGames.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

问题:

1.

MyIdeaonHowforBeijingtoPreparethe2008OlympicGames

1.简述北京目前准备2008奥运会的情况;

2.北京2008奥运会筹备过程中尚存在的问题;

3.我对北京如何办好这次奥运会的建议

答案:

MyIdeaonHowforBeijingtoPreparethe2008OlympicGames

Asayoungstudent（cadre,engineer,technician）,Iamanactivecitizeningreetingthe2008OlympicGames.Asitshost,Beijingisnowbusyinpropagatingforitsadvent.

SinceitisthefirsttimeforBeijingtohostsuchaworldgathering,wearenaturallyshortofexperience.Andsinceitinvolvessomanyaspects,thewholenationshouldbemobilizedtoparticipateinactively.

Infacingthetask,Ihavegotsomesuggestionsforitssuccess:

First,toursshouldbeorganizedtogoovertheplacessuchgameshavebeenheldbeforetolearntheirpositiveexperience.Secondly,architecturalqualitiesandfinancialcontributionsshouldbestressedtopromoteitssuccess.Thirdly,carefulcalculationsofcostsandexpenditureshastobedonesoastoavoidwaste.ThoughIamjustasmallpotato,Iwishmysuggestionwouldwindueattentionfromtheauthoritiesconcerned.

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8—10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

AcademicFreedomreferstotherightofteachersandresearchers,particularlyincollegesanduniversities,toinvestigatetheirrespectivefieldsofknowledgeandexpresstheirviewswithoutfearofrestraintordismissalfromoffice.Therightrestsontheassumptionthatopenandfreeinquirywithinateacher'sorresearcher'sfieldofstudyisessentialtothepursuitofknowledgeandtotheperformanceofhisorherpropereducationalfunction.Atpresentthisrightisobservedgenerallyincountriesinwhicheducationisregardedasameansnotonlyofpouringinestablishedviewsbutalsoofenlargingtheexistingbodyofknowledge.Theconceptofacademicfreedomimpliesalsothatateacher'semploymentdependsprimarilyonthecompetenceofteachersintheirfieldsratherthanonirrelevantconsiderationssuchaspoliticalorreligiousbeliefsorattachments.

Theconceptandpracticeofacademicfreedom,asrecognizedpresentlyinWesterncivilization,dateroughlyfromthe17thcentury.Beforethe17thcentury,intellectualactivitiesatuniversitieswererestrictedlargelybytheologicalconsiderations,andopinionsorconclusionsthatconflictedwithreligiousdoctrineswerelikelytobecondemnedasheretical.Inthelate17thcenturytheworkofsuchmenastheEnglishphilosophersJohnLockeandThomasHobbeshelpedpavethewayforacademicfreedominthemodernsense.Theirwritingsdemonstratedtheneedforunlimitedinquiryinthesciencesandforageneralapproachtolearningunrestrainedbypreconceptionsofanykind.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,universitiesinWesternEuropeandtheUnitedStatesenjoyedincreasingacademicfreedomasacceptanceoftheexperimentalmethodsofthesciencesbecamemorewidespreadandascontrolofinstitutionsbyreligiousdenominationsbecamelessrigorous.InBritain,however,religioustestsforgraduation,fellowships,andteachingpositionswerenotabolisheduntilthelate19thcentury.

Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcenturyacademicfreedomwasrecognizedbroadlyinmostWesterncountries.However,violationsoftherightincreasedasdictatorshipemergedinvariouscountries,notablyinGermany,Italy,andRussia.EducatorsinItalywereforcedtopledgesupporttotheFascistregime.Similarrestrictions,includingtheteachingofracisttheoriesinsomefields,wereenforcedinGermanuniversitiesunderNationalSocialism.

ViolationsofacademicfreedomalsooccurredintheUnitedStatesinthe20thcentury.AnotableexamplewastheScopestrial,heldinDayton,Tennessee,in1925.Ahighschoolteacherwasaccusedandconvictedofviolatingastatelawthatforbadetheteachingofthetheoryofevolutioninthepublicschools.Thislegislationwasabolishedin1967.

Intheearly1950s,largelybecauseofcongressionalinvestigationsofcommunismintheU.S.,manyinstitutionsofhigherlearningadoptedregulationsrequiringloyaltyoathsfromuniversityteachers.Someoftheseoaths,insofarastheywererequiredonlyofteachers,weredeclaredunconstitutionalinsomestatecourts.Allprofessionalassociationsofteachersandadministrators,includingtheNationalEducationAssociation,theAmericanAssociationofColleges,andtheAmericanAssociationofUniversityProfessors,areopposedtospecialloyaltyoathsandtoallviolationsofacademicfreedom.

The1960sandearly1970sweremarkedbyprotestandviolenceoncollegecampusesoverUnitedStatesinvolvementinthewarinVietnam.InsomeplacesprofessorsweredismissedorarrestedforprotestingAmericanparticipationinthewar.Thisturmoilreachedatragicclimaxin1970withthekillingofseveralstudentsduringcampusdemonstrations.Inthelongrun,however,thesedisturbancesledtoabroadrecognitionofthelegitimateconcernsofstudentsaboutthequalityofhighereducation,andoftheresponsibilityofuniversities,ratherthanthepublicorthegovernment,tomaintainessentialacademicorder.

By1973,whenU.S.troopswerewithdrawnfromVietnam,ageneralgrowthinhighereducationwasunderway.Significantincreaseinenrollmentsandexpansionoffaculties,aswellasabroadeningofthemakeupofbothstudentandfacultypopulations,contributedtoavastenrichmentoftheacademiccurriculum,toincreasingfacultycontroloverthecontentofprograms,and,overall,totheenhancementofthefreedomtoteachandtolearnincollegesanduniversities.

Beginningintheearly1970sintheUnitedStates（andsomewhatlaterinothercountriessuchasCanadaandtheUnitedKingdom）,however,institutionsofhighereducationwerefacedwithseriousfinancialproblemswhichalsoharmedacademicfreedom.Forexample,theriseinirregularfacultyappointments,intendedtosavemoney,createdavirtualunderclassofteacherslackingtheemploymentsecuritygenerallyconsiderednecessaryfortheexerciseofacademicfreedom.

Threatstoandviolationsofacademicfreedomcontinuedinthe1980s.TheU.S.government,inthenameofnationalsecurity,imposedsevererestraintsonthepublicationofresearchresults.Theinfluenceofresurgentreligiousconservatismwasfeltinsomeareasinefforttointroducereligiousteachingsinelementaryandsecondaryschools,andinlimitsonfreeexpressionatchurch-affiliatedcollegesanduniversities.

1.Accordingtothepassage,academicfreedomistherightofresearchingandexpressingthatonlybelongstostudents.

答案:

N由首段首句提到：

“AcademicFreedomreferstotherightofteachersandresearchers...”，所以本题答案为N。

2.Theconcept,accademicfreedom,construedateacher'semploymentdependsmainlyonpoliticalorreligiousbeliefsorattachments.

答案:

N第一段最后一句提到：

“Theconceptofacademicfreedomimpliesalsothatateacher'semploymentdependsprimarilyonthecompetenceofteachersintheirfieldsratherthanonirrelevantconsiderationssuchas...”，由此可知本题答案为“N”。

3.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,universitiesinwesternEuropeandUnitedStatesenjoyedincreasingacademicfreedombecauseofacceptanceoftheexperimentalmethodsofthesciences.

答案:

Y迅速在文章中找到“18th”和“19th”这两个关键词，发现第二段中提到“Inthe18thand19thcenturies，universitiesinwesternEuropeandtheUnitedStatesenjoyedincreasingacademicfreedomasacceptanceoftheexperimental...”。

由此可知本题答案为“Y”。

4.ViolationofacademicfreedomemergedinGermany,ItalyandRussiain20thcentury.

答案:

Y文中第三段提到“...,violationsoftherightincreasedasdictatorshipemergedinvariouscountries，notablyinGermany，Italy，andRussia”，所以本题答案为“Y”。

5.TherewasnoviolationsofaccademicfreedominU.S.in20thcentury.

答案:

N文中第四段首句“Violationsalsooccurredintheunitedstatesinthe20thcentury,”由此可知，本题答案为“N”。

6.Accademicfreedom,performedwellinChina,isthoughtastherightofnatural.

答案:

NG文中没有涉及此内容。

7.TheU.S.governmenthasdoneaseriesofrestrictionsonthepublicationofacademicpapers.

答案:

NG文中没有涉及此内容。

8.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcenturyacademicfreedomwasrecognizedbroadlyin______.

答案:

mostwesterncountries

9.Intheearly1950s,largelybecauseof______,manyinstitutionsofhigherlearningadoptedregulationsrequiringloyaltyoathsfromuniversityteachers.

答案:

congressionalinvestigationsofcommunismintheU.S.

10.______wasfeltinsomeareasinefforttointroducereligiousteachingsinelementaryandsecondaryschools.

答案:

Theinfluenceofresurgentreligiousconservatism.

PartⅢListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline