Dreiser’s Naturalism in Sister Carrie 论在嘉莉妹妹中德莱赛的自然主义Word格式文档下载.docx
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三是19世纪末在美国兴起的消费主义。
同时分析自然主义的三大特点:
欲望,本能和环境,最后得出结论:
《嘉莉妹妹》一文中主人公嘉莉妹妹的最终命运与德莱塞本人的命运息息相关,赫思渥德的最终堕落也是德莱塞惧怕失败的结果。
而德莱塞却把嘉莉妹妹和赫思特渥德最终得不到幸福归因于“人心
Dreiser'
sNaturalisminSisterCarrie
Abstract:
TheodoreDreiserisregardedasanoutstandingrepresentativeofAmericannaturalism.Inthisthesis,Dreiser'
sfirstnovelSisterCarrieistakenasanexampletoanalyzethefeaturesofDreiser'
snaturalism.ThethesisreferredtothreegreathistoricalandculturalbackgroundofthenovelwhichareDarwinism,Determinism.AmericanNaturalismandConsumerism.Meanwhilethethesisanalyzesthreefeaturesofnaturalism.Atlast,wecandrawtheconclusionthattheleadingcharacterofthenovel-Carrie'
sdestinyhasagreatconnectionwithDreiserhimselfandthedeclineofHurstwoodisaresultofDreiser'
sfearoffailure,butDreiserattributesCarrieandHurstwood'
sunhappinesstotheirinsatiabledesireforlifeortheyaredoomedtobeunhappyetc,andfromwhichwecanseeDreiser'
snaturalismeasily.
KeyWords:
NaturalismDarwinismConsumerismdesireenvironment
Contents
Introduction 1
1.ThehistoricalandculturalbackgroundforSisterCarrie 2
1.1DarwinismandDeterminism 2
1.2Americannaturalism 2
2.ThetypicalcharacteristicsofnaturalisminSisterCarrie 2
2.1Therelationshipamongreason,freewillandinstinct 2
2.2Theinfluenceoftheenvironment 3
3.Dreiser'
snaturalisticattitudeoftruthfulreflectionoflife 3
3.1Dreiser'
s"
Sister”-Carrie 3
3.2Hurstwood'
sdecline-Dreiser'
sfearoffailure 3
Conclusion 3
Notes 4
Bibliography 4
Dreiser,sNaturalisminSisterCarrie
ZhangYu
Introduction
TheodoreDreiserisoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanwritersofcriticalrealism,butmanyofhisworksreferredtothedescriptionofnaturalismandweakenedhiscriticalspirit.HisfirstnovelSisterCarriepublishedin1990revealedthefinancialdisparityandthemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyandthusregardedasforbiddenbook.Butnowthebookbecomesoneofthebest-sellersofAmericanliteraturebecauseofthenaturalisticfeaturesinit.ThenDreiserisregardedasapioneerofAmericannaturalismandasanaturalistDreiserexpressesthecharacteristicsofnaturalisminmostofhisworks.ThethemesofDarwinismandDeterminismarethecommonfeaturesofDreiser'
sstorywhichalsocharacterizeSisterCarrie.
Whenmostnovelsdealonlywiththesmilingandbeautifulaspectsoflife,Dreiseradvocatestruthfulreflectionoflifeinhisfiction.ItisnotanexaggerationtosaythatDreiser'
sSisterCarrieclearsthewayforthedevelopmentofAmericanfiction.
Since1900,AmericancriticshaveneverceasedtheirstudyonDreiser.Theearlyresearchwasmainlybasedonthewriter'
slifeexperience.Itprovideduswithlotsofusefulinformationaboutthewriter.Thestudywitnessedatransitionfromtheauthorhimselftothetextin1960s.From1980s,scholarsemployednewdevicesofFreudianism,FeminismandPost-Structuralismintheirstudies.ThesenewmethodshelpusknowDreiserandhisworksfromdifferentangles.However,onethingtheyshareincommonisthattheylackmacroscopicanalysis.
Inchina,someChinesecriticshavealsoshowngreatinterestinSisterCarrie.Twodomesticliterarymagazines,ForeignLiteratureStudyandForeignLiteratureReview,havebeenthemajorpublishingfieldsforthesecritics...
InordertofindoutDreisefsnaturalism,themethodoftextanalysisisemployedinthisthesis.TheauthorofthisthesisreadsthenovelintensivelysothatevidencescanbedugouttodemonstrateDreiser'
snaturalism.Anothermethod,culturalcriticism,isemployedtoresearchthecomplicatedrelationbetweenDreiserandthesocietyhelivedin.Dreiserisinvestigatedinhishistoricalandculturalbackground.TheconclusionshowsthatDreiserisnotonlyacriticizerofcapitalism,butalsoabuilderofAmericanculturalsystem.
1.ThehistoricalandculturalbackgroundforSisterCarrie
TheodoreDreiser'
sSisterCarriereflectstheprofoundtransformationsinAmericanlifeinthelatenineteenthcentury.Amongthemostsweepingchangesregisteredinthenovelaretheeconomy'
sshiftingfromanagriculturalbasetoan...
1.1DarwinismandDeterminism
SisterCarriewaswrittenatthetimewhenDarwinismwasprevalent.ManyofSisterCarrie'
sthemes-struggle,survivalanddesire-derivedirectlyfromtheevolutionaryviews.Theconceptofevolutionwasputforwardinthemid-19thcenturybyCharlesDarwin...
1.2Americannaturalism
SisterCarriewaswrittenandpublishedalsoattheriseofAmericannaturalism,whichmeansaparticulargenreoffictionthatdevelopedinthelate19thcenturyAmerica,andassociatedprincipallywithwriterssuchasJackLondon,StephenCrane,FrankNorrisandTheodore