Sense Relations 英语词汇学--词义的联系Word下载.docx

Sense Relations 英语词汇学--词义的联系Word下载.docx

《Sense Relations 英语词汇学--词义的联系Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Sense Relations 英语词汇学--词义的联系Word下载.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Therelationshipbetweenthesenses 

is 

multifarious. 

Therearemajortypesofsenserelations:

synonymy, 

antonymy, 

hyponym. 

Aswellaswecalledsemanticfield.

Keywords:

semanticfield, 

synonymy,antonymy,hyponym.

1Introduction

2 

SemanticField 

Thedefinitionofsemanticfieldisatermtorefertothephenomenonthatvocabularyisanintegratedsysteminterrelatedinsenseandcanbedividedintosemanticallyrelatedsetsorfields.Wordsineach 

semanticfielddefine 

oneanother.

Whenatext（anythingwithwords,whetheritbespokenorwritten）hasatopicorsubjectthatagroupofwordsrelateto.If 

anarticle 

ofwritingincludedthewords,suchas"

heart"

"

flower"

love"

music"

passion"

thesemanticfieldwouldmostlikelybeconsidered'

love”.Asemanticfieldoflove 

andalso 

theword 

maybe 

regarded 

as"

flowery"

oreven 

“feminine”. 

An‘animal’fieldwhichcontainsallkindsofwordsthatdenoteanimals,ora‘cooking’ 

fieldwhichincludesvariouswordsrelatedtocooking,andsoon.

Letuslookatsomemore 

examples 

of 

semanticfields:

a.Vehicle:

car,lorry,truck,coach,motorbike,taxi.

b. 

Building:

factory,hospital,house, 

church,apartment.

c. 

Run:

race,dash,scamper,scurry,scuttle,scramble,dart.

d. 

Vegetable:

cauliflower, 

eggplant,pepper,onion,tomato.

2.1Functionof 

Semantic 

Field

Weknowthatthemeaning 

ofsemanticfield 

doesnotexistintheworditself,butit 

ratherspreadsovertheneighboringwords, 

dueto 

theneighboringwordsidentifythesemanticfieldandhelppindownthemeaning.For 

example,roseoperatesincontrastwithtulipanddahliainonesemanticfield,soitisaflower.Incontrastwithredandpurpleinanother,itbecomesakindofcolor.Takethewordcaptain.'

Heisacaptain'

doesnotmeanverymuchuntilweknowthesemanticfieldinwhichcaptainoperates.Weknowwhatcaptainmeansinthemerchantservice,inthenavyorinthearmyonlywhenweknowwhetherhissubordinateiscalledmate,commanderorlieutenant.Compare 

thefollowingwords:

orange 

orange:

red,blue,yellow（color） 

pear,apple,peach（fruit） 

coke, 

Pepsi, 

coca-cola 

（drink）

Meanwhile,thefeaturesofthefield 

semantic 

arecontiguityandunderstandinghierarchy. 

Theclassificationofitincludes 

3 

Synonyms

Synonyms 

are 

differentwordswithidenticalorverysimilarmeanings.Wordsthataresynonymsaresaidtobesynonymous,andthestateofbeingasynonymiscalledsynonymy.

Therearetwokindsofsynonyms:

perfectsynonymsandpartialsynonyms.

3.1 

Perfect 

Perfectsynonyms:

arefullyidenticalandcanbeinterchangeableinanycontextwithouttheslightestalterationinassociativemeaning.Rare,butexist;

usuallyscientificterms.

Thiskindofsynonymsarerareandmaybefoundinspecialterminologysuchas 

compoundingandcomposition,word-buildingandword-formation,voicelessconsonantandbreathedconsonant,fricativeandspirant,malnutritionandundernourishment,etc.

Onlysomeofthewordsinacertaincontextcanreplaceuseanddoesnotaffectthemeaningofthesentence.Inthephrasesof‘tobestone’sopponent’and‘toworstone’sopponent’, 

theantonymsof‘best’and‘worst’alsocanreplacetouse.

3.2 

Partial 

synonymssharethenearlysameorsimilarbasicmeaning,butstilldenotedifferencesinothermeanings,likeconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning,andusages.E.g.change（tochangeathingistoputanotherthinginitsplace）–alter（toalterathingistomakeitdifferentfromwhichitwasbefore）–vary（tovaryathingistoalteritindifferentmannerandatdifferenttimes）.Amanchangeshishabits,altershisconduct,andvarieshismannerofspeaking. 

Andtheother 

synonyms,like 

silent/tacit;

shine/glitter/sparkle/glare;

different/various;

idle/lazy/indolent;

strange/odd/queer;

large/huge/tremendous/colossal;

beautiful/pretty/handsome/faire/lovely;

big/large/great 

andsoon.

Synonymousidioms:

Synonymousrelationshipbetweenwordsexistinconstantly,alsomayexistbetweentheidioms.

3.3 

Sourceof 

SourceofsynonymsA.historicalreason:

a）Anglo-Saxon（native）;

b）French,Latin,Greek（foreignelements）borrowed

Patterns:

doublets:

nativewordsborrowedhomelydomestichousemansiontriplets:

Anglo-SaxonFrenchLatinrisemountascend.

B. 

geographicalreasonAmerican/BritishEnglishdialect:

girllass.

C. 

Lin