英语的时态和语态分析.docx
《英语的时态和语态分析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语的时态和语态分析.docx(24页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语的时态和语态分析
被动语态
一、含义与构成
1.动词的语态有两种即主动和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者而被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。
2.构成:
被动语态的谓语为be+过去分词(be有时可用become或get等代替)
Be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的变化而变化。
3.被动语态的各种时态形式有:
★一般时态:
be+过去分词
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
is/am/aredone
was/weredone
will/shallbedone
would/shouldbedone
Englishisspokeninmanycountries.
RomeoandJulietwaswrittenbyShakespeare.
Manybelievethatonedaytheearthwillbedestroyedifpeopledonotlearntoliveinpeace.
★进行时态:
be+being+过去分词
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
is/am/are
beingdone
was/were
beingdone
will/shallbe
beingdone
would/shouldbebeingdone
Hisplanisbeingcarriedoutsuccessfully.
Thenewcurtainswerebeinghungwhenthevisitorsshowedup.
Thecarwillbebeingcleanedbymybrother.
★完成时态:
have+been+过去分词
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
have/hasbeendone
hadbeendone
will/shallhavebeendone
would/shouldhavebeendone
I’vebeenrobbed.
Theoutcomeoftheelectionwasannouncedbeforeallofthevoteshadbeencounted.
Everythingwillhavebeendonebytheendofthismonth.
【练一练】
1.(2010湖南)Thiscoastalarea_________anationalwildlifereservelastyear.
A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.names
2.(2010全国1)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune____.
A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade
3.(2010上海)Thechurchtowerwhich_________willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.
A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestored
C.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored
4.(2010北京)InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the“r”soundsattheendofthewords_________.
A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped
5.(2010陕西)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_________atpresentinthedisasterarea.
A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuilt
C.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt
6.(2010福建)EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney–makingjobsthey_________beforetheyleavingtheirhometowns.
A.promisedB.werepromised
C.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised
7.(2010天津)TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting_________atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.
A.areexhibitingB.isexhibiting
C.arebeingexhibitingD.isbeingexhibiting
8.(2010四川)You’vefailedtodowhatyou_________toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.
A.willexpectB.willbeexpectedC.expectedD.wereexpected
Ⅱ.用法
1.要用到被动语态的情况
1)强调动作的承受者:
Frankwashitbyacar.
Anewideahasbeensuggested.
2)说话者不知道动作的执行者,或者认为没有必要指出:
Thisbridgewasbuiltin1700.
Thehouseisbeingrepaired.
3)说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观,避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态:
此类通常为表示\"据说\"或\"相信\"的词组,基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成,如:
Itissaidthat…据说;Itisreportedthat…据报道;Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信;Itishopedthat… 大家希望;Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
ItissaidthatJapan’sindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable.
4)动作的执行者为物时,英语中常用被动表达:
Thewindowswerebrokenbystrongwindow.
5)习惯用法常以被动语态形式出现。
Iamdeterminedtotakemedicine.
2.被动语态特例:
①可以接双宾语动词的被动语态
eg.Hegavemeaprestentyesterday.
↣Iwasgivenaprestentbyhimyesterday./Aprestentwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.(也就是说间接宾语和直接宾语都可以作为被动结构中的主语。
)
②使役动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to":
eg.Ioftenmakehimcleantheblackboard.
→Heisoftenmadetocleantheblackboardbyme.
类似用法的词可以概括为:
五看三使(室),二听一感觉。
即
3.情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+过去分词:
Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.煤可以产生工农业需要的电。
4.短语动词的被动语态:
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
例如:
MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.
Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.
5.主动形式表被动意义
1)系动词look.Sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,wash(洗起来),seem…+adj./n.构成系表结构:
Thesteelfeelscold.
Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.
2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut等:
Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.
Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.
3)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如read,write,act,iron,cut,drive,sell,wash,clean等。
这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语:
Thiscoatdries/washes/ironseasily.
Thebooksellswell.
Thisnovelreadswell..
4)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build等:
Iwastoblamefortheaccident.
Muchworkremains.
5)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve+V-ing表示被动:
Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.
Thisbookisworthreading.
6)在“be+形容词+todo”中,当不定式的逻辑宾语是句子主语时,不定式常用主动表示被动。
eg.Thegirlisn'teasytogetalongwith.
【练一练】翻译下列句子:
1、这道菜尝起来很香。
2、这门锁不上。
3、这刀子很好用。
4、你的头发该理了。
5、这个问题正在讨论之中。
6.不用被动语态的情况:
1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等没有无被动语态。
Afterthefire,verylittleremain