英语的时态和语态分析.docx

1、英语的时态和语态分析被动语态一、含义与构成1. 动词的语态有两种即主动和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者而被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。2. 构成：被动语态的谓语为be + 过去分词（be有时可用become 或get等代替）Be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的变化而变化。3. 被动语态的各种时态形式有： 一般时态：be + 过去分词现在过去将来过去将来is/ am/ are donewas/ were donewill/ shall be donewould/ should be done English is spoken in many countries. Romeo

2、and Juliet was written by Shakespeare. Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live in peace. 进行时态：be + being + 过去分词现在过去将来过去将来is/ am/ are being donewas/ were being donewill/ shall be being donewould/ should be being done His plan is being carried out successfu

3、lly. The new curtains were being hung when the visitors showed up. The car will be being cleaned by my brother. 完成时态：have + been + 过去分词现在过去将来过去将来have/ has been donehad been donewill/ shall have been donewould/ should have been doneIve been robbed. The outcome of the election was announced before all

4、 of the votes had been counted. Everything will have been done by the end of this month. 【练一练】1. (2010 湖南) This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names2. (2010 全国1) The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A

5、. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made3. (2010 上海) The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 4. (2010 北京) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds

6、at the end of the words _.A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 5. (2010 陕西) It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area.A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 6. (2010 福建) Every year a flood of farmers arrive in S

7、henzhen for the money making jobs they _ before they leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promisedC. have promised D. have been promised 7. (2010 天津) Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C.

8、 are being exhibiting D. is being exhibiting8. (2010 四川) Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected. 用法1. 要用到被动语态的情况1） 强调动作的承受者：Frank was hit by a car. A new idea has been suggested. 2） 说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有

9、必要指出： This bridge was built in 1700. The house is being repaired. 3） 说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态：此类通常为表示据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成，如： It is said that据说；It is reported that 据报道；It is believed that大家相信；It is hoped that大

10、家希望； It is well known that 众所周知 It is said that Japans industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.4） 动作的执行者为物时，英语中常用被动表达:The windows were broken by strong window.5） 习惯用法常以被动语态形式出现。I am determined to take medicine.2. 被动语态特例:可以接双宾语动词的被动语态eg. He gave me a prestent yesterday. I was given a pr

11、estent by him yesterday./ A prestent was given to me by him yesterday.（也就是说间接宾语和直接宾语都可以作为被动结构中的主语。）使役动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to：eg.I often make him clean the blackboard.He is often made to clean the blackboard by me.类似用法的词可以概括为:五看三使（室），二听一感觉。即3. 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +过去分词:Coal can be use

12、d to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。 4. 短语动词的被动语态：短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 5. 主动形式表被动意义1） 系动词look. Sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove,wash(洗起来) ，seem + adj. / n.

13、 构成系表结构:The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical.2） 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut等：Work began at 7oclock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 3） 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write, act, iron, cut, drive, sell, wash, clean等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语

14、：This coat dries/ washes/ irons easily.The book sells well.This novel reads well. . 4） blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等: I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. 5） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve + V-ing 表示被动： The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired

15、. This book is worth reading.6） 在“be+形容词+to do”中，当不定式的逻辑宾语是句子主语时，不定式常用主动表示被动。eg. The girl isnt easy to get along with.【练一练】翻译下列句子：1、 这道菜尝起来很香。2、 这门锁不上。3、 这刀子很好用。4、 你的头发该理了。5、 这个问题正在讨论之中。6. 不用被动语态的情况：1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。 After the fire, very little remain