初中过去完成时讲解.docx
《初中过去完成时讲解.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中过去完成时讲解.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
初中过去完成时讲解
初中过去完成时讲解
过去完成时定义
过去完成时（past perfect）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构
主语+had+过去分词vpp.（done） ①肯定句：
主语+had+过去分词.
②否定句：
主语+had+not+过去分词.
③一般疑问句：
Had+主语+过去分词?
肯定回答：
Yes,主语+had.
否定回答：
No,主语+had not .
④特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？
基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如：
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如：
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
例如：
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。
他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
例如：
I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。
（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的
有：
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。
如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。
如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
2 ）状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：
before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
（ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
过去完成时的主要用法
1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。
如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。
（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。
如：
He told me that he had written a new book. （had written 发生在 told 之前 ）
3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。
此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
如：
Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。
如：
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）
5. 过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…（刚……就……）, It was the first （second, etc） time （that）…等固定句型中。
e.g：
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了
四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have （has） + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
试比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
没什么，我只等了几分钟。
（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）
— John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
— Where had he been?
他去哪儿了？
（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）
过去完成时专项练习
1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed university B. has completed the university
B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/ 15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were livin
18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived 19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished 21. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on 22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works 23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched
一.用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ （paint） the house before we ______________ （move） in.
2. That rich old man _____________ （make） a will before he _____________ （die）.
3. They _____________ （study） the map of the country before they ________ （leave） 4. The robbers _____________ （run away ） before the policemen_______ （arrive）. 5. I __________ （turn off） all the lights before I ____________ （go） to bed.
6. Paul __________ （go） out with Jane after he __________ （make） a phone call.
7. Tom __________ （say） he ___________ （read） the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ （fail ） because we _____________ （make） a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman _________ （finish） speaking, he _________ （leave）the hall.
10.The Reads _____ （have） lunch when I ____________（get） to their house.
11.When I ______________（arrive） at the station, he ____________________（leave）12.We _______________（learn） about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13. I waited until he _______________（finish） his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______（do）
15.She ____________（not go） to Qingdao because she ________________ （be） there before. 16. He ______________（not tell） you the news yet.
17. He said he _____________already_________（give） the book to the teacher.
18. I ______________（be） to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she _________________（be） to Sanya three times.
20.She _____________（play） the guitar while her sister_______________（sing）.
1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.
（改否定句）
3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.（否定）
4.By 10:
00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问）
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.
（改一般疑问）
6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off.
（改一般疑问）
7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）
8.When he had read the note, he ate it. （对划线部分提问）
升级会员 