考研英语一真题及答案.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案
2013年考研英语
(一)真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat___1___theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby___2___factors.ButDrSimontonspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig___3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.___4___,hetheorizedthatajudge___5___ofappearingtoosoft___6___crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison___7___hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.
To___8___thisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the___9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers___10___randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimontonsuspectedthetruthwas___11___.
Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews___12___by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad___13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale___14___numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere___15___usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis___16___outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
DrSimontonfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone___17___that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould___18___byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto___19___theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen___20___.
1.AgrantsBsubmitsCtransmitsDdelivers
2.AminorBexternalCcrucialDobjective
3.AissueBvisionCpictureDmoment
4.AAboveallBOnaverageCInprincipleDForexample
5.AfondBfearfulCcapableDthoughtless
6.AinBforCtoDon
7.AifBuntilCthoughDunless
8.A.testB.emphasizeC.shareD.promote
9.A.decisionB.qualityC.statusD.success
10.A.foundB.studiedC.chosenD.identified
11.A.otherwiseB.defensibleC.replaceableD.exceptional
12.A.inspiredB.expressedC.conductedD.secured
13.A.assignedB.ratedC.matchedD.arranged
14.A.putB.gotC.tookD.gave
15.A.insteadB.thenC.everD.rather
16.A.selectedB.passedC.markedD.introduced
17.AbelowBafterCaboveDbefore
18.AjumpBfloatCfluctuateDdrop
19.AachieveBundoCmaintainDdisregard
20.AnecessaryBpossibleCpromisingDhelpful
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn`tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline`sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.
Overdressedisthefashionworld`sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan`s.TheOmnivore`sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.
Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.
21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher
[A]poorbargainingskill.
[B]insensitivitytofashion.
[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.
[D]lackofimagination.
22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto
[A]combatunnecessarywaste.
[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.
[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.
[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.
23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]accusation.
[B]enthusiasm.
[C]indifference.
[D]tolerance.
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.
[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.
[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?
[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.
[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.
[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.
[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.
Text2
Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.
Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:
Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?
Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?
InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.
OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:
ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.
Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.
AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavorablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,M
Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:
"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?
26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioral”adshelpadvertisersto:
[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves
[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts
[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers
[D]providebetteronlineservices
27.“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersto:
[A]onlineadvertisers
[B]e-commerceconductors
[C]digitalinformationanalysis
[D]internetbrowserdevelopers
28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault
[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads
[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry
[C]willnotbenefitconsumers
[D]goesagainsthumannature
29.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?
[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose
[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT
[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers
[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioralads
30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:
[A]indulgence
[B]understanding
[C]appreciation
[D]skepticism
Text3
Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive