【英美文学选读】名词解释笔记总结.docx
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01.Humanism（人文主义）
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.
Itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife，buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.
02.Renaissance（文艺复兴）
Theword“Renaissance”means“rebirth”，itmeantthereintroductionintowesternEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceandRome.
2>theessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanism.Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismandreformation.
3>therealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithWilliamShakespearebeingtheleadingdramatist.
03.Metaphysicalpoetry（玄学派诗歌）
Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.
2>witharebelliousspirit，theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.
3>thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods，andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.4>theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.
04.Classicism（古典主义）
Classicismreferstoamovementortendencyinart，literature，ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceandRome.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal，andplacesvalueonreason，clarity，balance，andorder.Classicism，withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes，istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism，whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes.
05.Enlightenment（启蒙运动）
EnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressivephilosophicalandartisticmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughwesternEuropeinthe18thcentury.
2>themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissancefrom14thcenturytothemid-17thcentury.
3>itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.
4>itcelebratedreasonorrationality，equalityandscience.Itadvocateduniversaleducation.
5>famousamongthegreatenlightenersinEnglandwerethosegreatwriterslikeAlexanderpope,JonathanSwift,etc.
06.Neoclassicism（新古典主义）
Inthefieldofliterature，theenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.
2>thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriterssuchasHomerandVirgilandthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.
3>theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder，logic，restrainedemotionandaccuracy，andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.
07.TheGraveyardSchool（墓地派诗歌）
TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcenturywhosepoemsaremostlydevotedtoasentimentallamentationormeditationonlife.Pastandpresent，withdeathandgraveyardasthemes.
2>ThomasGrayisconsideredtobetheleadingfigureofthisschoolandhisElegywritteninacountrychurchyardisitsmostrepresentativework.
08.Romanticism（浪漫主义）
1>Inthemid-18thcentury，anewliterarymovementcalledromanticismcametoEuropeandthentoEngland.
2>Itwascharacterizedbyastrongprotestagainstthebondageofneoclassicism，whichemphasizedreason，orderandelegantwit.Instead，romanticismgaveprimaryconcerntopassion，emotion，andnaturalbeauty.
3>Inthehistoryofliterature.Romanticismisgenerallyregardedasthethoughtthatdesignatesaliteraryandphilosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandexperience.4>TheEnglishromanticperiodisanageofpoetrywhichprevailedinEnglandfrom1798to1837.ThemajorromanticpoetsincludeWordsworth，ByronandShelley.
09.ByronicHero（拜伦式英雄）
Byronicheroreferstoaproud，mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.
2>withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers，thisByronicHerowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety.Andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment，inreligion，orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustibleenergies.
3>Byron‘schiefcontributiontoEnglishliteratureishiscreationofthe“ByronicHero”
10.CriticalRealism（批判现实主义）
CriticalRealismisatermappliedtotherealisticfictioninthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.
2>Itmeansthetendencyofwritersandintellectualsintheperiodbetween1875and1920toapplythemethodsofrealisticfictiontothecriticismofsocietyandtheexaminationofsocialissues.
3>Realistwriters
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