大学英语四级新题型样题.docx

大学英语四级新题型样题.docx

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大学英语四级新题型样题

大学英语四级新题型样题

Part I    Writing（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaspeechinsupportoftheenvironmentalprotection.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese;

给学生发表一个演讲，就环保话题提出你的建议及理由

PartII   ReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions;Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1~7,mark

Y（forYES）                      ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）                       ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）        iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8~10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Landfills

Youhavejustfinishedyourmealatafastfoodrestaurantandyouthrowyouruneatenfood,foodwrappers,drinkcups,utensilsandnapkinsintothetrashcan.Youdon'tthinkaboutthatwasteagain.Ontrashpickupdayinyourneighborhood,youpushyourcanouttothecurb,andworkersdumpthecontentsintoabigtruckandhaulitaway.Youdon'thavetothinkaboutthatwasteagain,either.Butmaybeyouhavewondered,asyouwatchthetrashtruckpullaway,justwherethatgarbageendsup.

Americansgeneratetrashatanastonishingrateoffourpoundsperdayperperson,whichtranslatesto600,000tonsperdayor210milliontonsperyear'Thisisalmosttwiceasmuchtrashperpersonasmostothermajorcountries.Whathappenstothistrash?

Somegetsrecycled（回收利用）orrecoveredandsomeisburned,butthemajorityisburiedinlandfills.

HowMuchTrashIsGenerated?

Ofthe210milliontonsoftrash,orsolidwaste,generatedintheUnitedStatesannually,about56milliontons,or27percent,iseitherrecycled（glass,paperproducts,plastic,metals）orcomposted（做成堆肥）（yardwaste）.Theremainingtrash,whichismostlyunrecyclable,isdiscarded.

HowIsTrashDisposedof?

ThetrashproductionintheUnitedStateshasalmosttripledsince1960.Thistrashishandledinvariousways.About27percentofthetrashisrecycledorcomposted,16percentisburnedand57percentisburiedinlandfills.Theamountoftrashburiedinlandfillshasdoubledsince1960.TheUnitedStatesrankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountries（UnitedKingdom,Canada,Germany,FranceandJapan）inlandfilldisposal.TheUnitedKingdomrankshighest,buryingabout90percentofitssolidwasteinlandfills.

WhatIsaLandfill?

Therearetwowaystoburytrash;

•Dump—anopenholeinthegroundwheretrashisburiedandthatisfullofvariousanimals（rats,mice,birds）.（Thisismostpeople'sideaofalandfill!

）

•Landfill—carefullydesignedstructurebuiltintoorontopofthegroundinwhichtrashisisolatedfromthesurroundingenvironment（groundwater,air,rain）.Thisisolationisaccomplishedwithabottomlineranddailycoveringofsoil.

Sanitarylandfill—landfillthatusesaclaylinertoisolatethetrashfromtheenvironmentMunicipalsolidwaste（MSW）landfill—landfillthatusesasynthetic（plastic）linertoisolatethetrashfromtheenvironment

Thepurposeofalandfillistoburythetrashinsuchawaythatitwillbeisolatedfromgroundwater,willbekeptdryandwillnotbeincontactwithair.Undertheseconditions,trashwillnotdecompose（腐烂）much.Alandfillisnotlikeacompostpile,wherethepurposeistoburytrashinsuchawaythatitwilldecomposequickly.

ProposingtheLandfill

Foralandfilltobebuilt,theoperatorshavetomakesurethattheyfollowcertainsteps.Inmostpartsoftheworld,thereareregulationsthatgovernwherealandfillcanbeplacedandhowitcanoperate.Thewholeprocessbeginswithsomeoneproposingthelandfill.

IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities.Beforeacityorotherauthoritycanbuildalandfill,anenvironmentalimpactstudymustbedoneontheproposedsitetodetermine;

•theareaoflandnecessaryforthelandfill

•thecompositionoftheunderlyingsoilandbedrock

•theflowofsurfacewateroverthesite

•theimpactoftheproposedlandfillonthelocalenvironmentandwildlife

•thehistoricalvalueoftheproposedsite

BuildingtheLandfill

Oncetheenvironmentalimpactstudyiscomplete,thepermitsaregrantedandthefundshavebeenraised,thenconstructionbegins. First,accessroadstothelandfillsitemustbebuiltiftheydonotalreadyexist.Theseroadswillbeusedbyconstructionequipment,sanitation（环卫.）servicesandthegeneralpublic.Afterroadshavebeenbuilt,diggingcanbegin.IntheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,thelandfillbegan10feetbelowtheroadsurface.

WhatHappenstoTrashhiaLandfill?

Trashputinalandfillwillstaythereforaverylongtime.Insidealandfill,thereislittleoxygenandlittlemoisture.Undertheseconditions,trashdoesnotbreakdownveryrapidly.Infact,whenoldlandfillshavebeenduguporsampled,40-year-oldnewspapershavebeenfoundwitheasilyreadableprint.Landfillsarenotdesignedtobreakdowntrash,merelytoburyit.Whenalandfillcloses,thesite,especiallythegroundwater,mustbemonitoredandmaintainedforupto30years!

HowIsaLandfillOperated?

Alandfill,suchastheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,mustbeopenandavailableeveryday.Customersaretypicallymunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies,althoughresidentsmayalsousethelandfill.

Neartheentranceofthelandfillisarecyclingcenterwhereresidentscandropoffrecyclablematerials（aluminumcans,glassbottles,newspapersandpaperproducts）.Thishelpstoreducetheamountofmaterialinthelandfill.Someofthesematerialsarebannedfromlandfillsbylawbecausetheycanberecycled.

Ascustomersenterthesite,theirtrucksareweighedatthescalehouse.Customersarechargedtippingfeesforusingthesite.Thetippingfeesvaryfrom$10to$40perton.Thesefeesareusedtopayforoperationcosts.TheNorthWakeCountyLandfillhasanoperatingbudgetofapproximately$4.5million,andpartofthatcomesfromtippingfees.

Alongthesite,therearedrop-offstationsformaterialsthatarenotwantedorlegallybannedbythelandfill. Amulti-materialdrop-offstationisusedfortires,motoroil,lead-acidbatteries.Someofthesematerialscanberecycled.

Inaddition,thereisahouseholdhazardouswastedrop-offstationforchemicals（paints,pesticides,otherchemicals）thatarebannedfromthelandfill.Thesechemicalsaredisposedofbyprivatecompanies.Somepaintscanberecycledandsomeorganicchemicalscanbeburnedinfurnacesorpowerplants.

Otherstructuresalongsidethelandfillaretheborrowedareathatsuppliesthesoilforthelandfill,therunoffcollectionpondandmethane（甲醛）station.

Landfillsarecomplicatedstructuresthat,whenproperlydesignedandmanaged,serveanimportantpurpose.Inthefuture,newtechnologiescalledbioreactorswillbeusedtospeedthebreakdownoftrashinlandfillsandproducemoremethane.

1. Thepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthestructureanduseofalandfill.

2. MostofthetrashthatAmericansgenerateendsupinlandfills.

3. Comparedwithothermajorindustrializedcountries,Americaburiesamuchhigherpercentageofitssolidwasteinlandfills.

4. Landfillsarelikecompostpilesinthattheyspeedupdecompositionoftheburiedtrash.

5. Inmostcountriestheselectionofalandfillsiteisgovernedbyrulesandregulations.

6. IntheUnitedStatesthebuildingoflandfillsisthejobofbothfederalandlocalgovernments.

7. Hazardouswasteshavetobetreatedbeforebeingdumpedintolandfill.

8. Typicalcustomersofalandfillare_________________.

9. Todisposeofatonoftrashinalandfill,customershavetopayatippingfeeof_______.

10. Materialsthatarenotpermittedtobeburiedinlandfillsshouldbedumpedat________.

PartIII   ListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11. A）Themanhatestolendhistoolstootherpeople.

B）Themanhasn'tfinishedworkingonthebookshelf.

C）Thetoolshavealreadybeenreturnedtothewoman.

D）Thetoolsthemanborrowedfromthewomanaremissing.

12. A）Savetimebyusingacomputer.                      B）Buyherowncomputer.

C）BorrowMartha'scomputer.               D）Stayhomeandcompleteherpaper.

13. A）HehadbeentoSeattlemanytimes.

B）Hehaschairedalotofconferences.

C）Heholdsahighpositioninhiscompany.

D）HelivedinSeattleformanyyears.

14. A）Teacherandstudent.                      B）Doctorandpatient.

C）Managerandofficeworker.               D）Travelagentandcustomer.

15. A）Sheknowstheguywhowillgivethelecture.

B）Shethinksthelecturemightbeinformative.

C）Shewantstoaddsomethingtoherlecture.

D）She'llfinishherreportthisweekend.

16.A）Anartmuseum.                      B）Abeautifulpark.

C）Acollegecampus.               D）Anarchitecturalexhibition.

17. A）Thehousesforsaleareofpoorquality.

B）Thehousesaretooexpensiveforthecoupletobuy.

C）Thehousingdevelopersprovidefreetripsforpotentialbuyers.

D）Themanisunwillin