大学英语四级新题型样题.docx

1、大学英语四级新题型样题大学英语四级新题型样题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a speech in support of the environmental protection. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese ;给学生发表一个演讲，就环保话题提出你的建议及理由Part II Reading Comprehensi

2、on (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions; In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1 7, markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO) if the statement contradic

3、ts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.LandfillsYou have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrap

4、pers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You dont think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You dont have to think about that waste again, either. But m

5、aybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of four pounds per day per person, which translates to 600,000 tons per day or 210 million tons per year This is almost twice as much trash per person as mo

6、st other major countries. What happens to this trash? Some gets recycled (回收利用) or recovered and some is burned, but the majority is buried in landfills.How Much Trash Is Generated?Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27

7、 percent, is either recycled ( glass, paper products, plastic, metals ) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste). The remaining trash, which is mostly unrecyclable, is discarded.How Is Trash Disposed of?The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various

8、 ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960. The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries ( United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France

9、and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, burying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.What Is a Landfill?There are two ways to bury trash; Dumpan open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most

10、 peoples idea of a landfill!) Landfillcarefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.Sanitary landfilllandfill that use

11、s a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment Municipal solid waste ( MSW ) landfilllandfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environmentThe purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept

12、dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(腐烂) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly.Proposing the LandfillFor a landfill to be built, the operators have to make sure

13、 that they follow certain steps. In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate. The whole process begins with someone proposing the landfill.In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government re

14、sponsibilities. Before a city or other authority can build a landfill, an environmental impact study must be done on the proposed site to determine; the area of land necessary for the landfill the composition of the underlying soil and bedrock the flow of surface water over the site the impact of th

15、e proposed landfill on the local environment and wildlife the historical value of the proposed siteBuilding the LandfillOnce the environmental impact study is complete, the permits are granted and the funds have been raised, then construction begins. First, access roads to the landfill site must be

16、built if they do not already exist. These roads will be used by construction equipment, sanitation (环卫.) services and the general public. After roads have been built, digging can begin. In the North Wake County Landfill, the landfill began 10 feet below the road surface.What Happens to Trash hi a La

17、ndfill?Trash put in a landfill will stay there for a very long time. Inside a landfill, there is little oxygen and little moisture. Under these conditions, trash does not break down very rapidly. In fact, when old landfills have been dug up or sampled,40-year-old newspapers have been found with easi

18、ly readable print. Landfills are not designed to break down trash, merely to bury it. When a landfill closes, the site, especially the groundwater, must be monitored and maintained for up to 30 years!How Is a Landfill Operated?A landfill, such as the North Wake County Landfill, must be open and avai

19、lable every day. Customers are typically municipalities and construction companies, although residents may also use the landfill.Near the entrance of the landfill is a recycling center where residents can drop off recyclable materials (aluminum cans, glass bottles, newspapers and paper products). Th

20、is helps to reduce the amount of material in the landfill. Some of these materials are banned from landfills by law because they can be recycled.As customers enter the site, their trucks are weighed at the scale house. Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from

21、 $ 10 to $40 per ton. These fees are used to pay for operation costs. The North Wake County Landfill has an operating budget of approximately $4.5 million, and part of that comes from tipping fees.Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the

22、landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemi

23、cals are disposed of by private companies. Some paints can be recycled and some organic chemicals can be burned in furnaces or power plants.Other structures alongside the landfill are the borrowed area that supplies the soil for the landfill, the runoff collection pond and methane(甲醛)station.Landfil

24、ls are complicated structures that, when properly designed and managed, serve an important purpose. In the future, new technologies called bioreactors will be used to speed the breakdown of trash in landfills and produce more methane.1. The passage gives a general description of the structure and us

25、e of a landfill.2. Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.3. Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of its solid waste in landfills.4. Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash

26、.5. In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.6. In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.7. Hazardous wastes have to be treated before being dumped into landfill.8. Typical customers of a landfill a

27、re _.9. To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay a tipping fee of _.10. Materials that are not permitted to be buried in landfills should be dumped at _.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and

28、2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D ) , an

29、d decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A)The man hates to lend his tools to other people.B)The man hasnt finished working on the bookshelf.C)The tools have already been returned to the woman.D)The tools the ma

30、n borrowed from the woman are missing.12. A)Save time by using a computer. B)Buy her own computer.C ) Borrow Marthas computer. D) Stay home and complete her paper.13. A) He had been to Seattle many times.B)He has chaired a lot of conferences.C)He holds a high position in his company.D)He lived in Se

31、attle for many years.14. A)Teacher and student. B)Doctor and patient.C ) Manager and office worker. D) Travel agent and customer.15. A)She knows the guy who will give the lecture.B)She thinks the lecture might be informative.C)She wants to add something to her lecture.D)Shell finish her report this weekend.16. A) An art museum. B)A beautiful park.C)A college campus. D)An architectural exhibition.17. A) The houses for sale are of poor quality.B) The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.C)The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers.D)The man is unwillin