答案step by stepUnit1.docx

答案step by stepUnit1.docx

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答案stepbystepUnit1

Unit1EducationIsaKey

PartIWarmingup

Tapescript.

A.

1.WhatkindofstudentcomestoOxford?

Theanswertothisis,thereisno"OxfordType."Commonqualitiestheylookforarecommitment,enthusiasmandmotivationforyourchosenareaofstudybackedbyastrongacademicrecord.

2.TheUniversityofCambridgeisoneoftheoldestuniversitiesintheworld,andoneofthelargestintheUnitedKingdom.Ithasaworldwidereputationforoutstandingacademicachievementandthehighqualityofresearchundertakeninawiderangeofscienceandartssubjects.

3.TheUniversityofSydneywasthefirsttobeestablishedinAustraliaand,afteralmost150yearsofproudachievement,stillleadsininnovationandquality.TheUniversityexcelsinsportandsocialactivities,debating,drama,musicandmuchmore.

4.Knownforexcellenceinteaching,research,andservicetothecommunity,theUniversityofVictoriaservesapproximately17,000students.ItisfavoredbyitslocationonCanada'sspectacularwestcoast,inthecapitalofBritishColumbia.

5.NewZealand'slargestuniversity,theUniversityofAuckland,wasestablishedin1883,andhasgrownintoaninternationalcenteroflearningandacademicexcellence.TheUniversityissituatedintheheartofthecosmopolitancityofAucklandandprovidesanexcitingandstimulatingenvironmentfor26,000students.

6.Foundedin1636Harvardhasa380-acreurbancampuswitheasyaccesstoBoston.Ithasatotalenrollmentofabout18,500students.ThisuniversitycomprisesmanydifferentschoolssuchastheFacultyofArtsandSciences,SchoolofBusinessAdministrationandSchoolofEducation.

7.ColumbiaUniversityisanindependentcoeducationaluniversity,whichawardsmaster's,doctoral,professional,andotheradvanceddegrees,withanenrollmentofabout20,000graduateandprofessionalstudents.

8.BostonUniversityislocatedalongthebanksoftheCharlesRiver.Withmorethan30,000studentsfromallovertheUnitedStatesand135countries,itisthethirdlargestindependentuniversityintheUnitedStates.

B.Tapescript:

Americanuniversitieshavebeenofferingclassesonlinethroughcomputersforanumberofyears.Now,somenewlycreatedcollegesareofferingacademicdegreesonline.Oneuniversityoffersbothbachelor'sdegreesandmaster'sdegrees.Officialssaytheytrytoprovidestudentswithasocialexperienceaswellasaneducationalone.Forexample,insomeprograms,groupsofthesamesixstudentsprogressthroughalltheirclassestogether.Theycommunicatebycomputer.Anotheronlineschoolusesaproblem-solvingmethodofteaching.Studentsattempttosolverealproblemsintheirclassesonlineinsteadofreadinginformation.

Studentswhohavetakenonlineclassessaytheylikethembecausetheydonothavetotraveltoabuildingatasettimetolistentoaprofessor.Professorssaytheyhavebettercommunicationwithstudentsthroughe-mailnotesthantheydoinmanytraditionalclasses.

PartIIEducationalsystems

A.Youaregoingtohearsomepeopletalkingtheeducationalsystemintheircountry.Beforelistening,discussthepre-listeningquestionsbelow.

1.Howoldarechildrenwhentheybeginschoolinourcountry?

2.Howarethelevelsofschoolingdivided?

3.Whatdoschoolchildrenhavetotakebeforetheyentertheuniversity?

B.Listentothematerial.Whilelistening,focusonthepointsinthechart.Supplythemissinginformationinthechart.

CNowlistenagain.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.

1.WhatexaminationsdoBritishchildrenhavetotakebeforetheyleavesecondaryschool?

GCSEexaminations

2.Whoshouldtake"Alevels"inBritain?

students/highereducation

2.Whatdoestheword"sophomore"meanintheU.S.?

student/secondyear/highschool/college

4.WhatexamdoAustralianchildrenhavetotakebeforetheyleavehighschool?

generalexam/SchoolCertificate

5.WhatisamusttoAustralianchildrenwhowouldliketogotovarioussortsofhighereducation?

sittingUniversityEntranceExamination

6.HowmanyyearsofstudyarerequiredforuniversitydegreesinCanada?

bachelor'sdegree:

3/4yearsmaster'sdegree:

anotheryearortwo

doctorate:

afurther3--7years

Tapescript.

D--DavidM-MichaelN-Nicolette

D:

（Well,）inBritain,fromtheagesoffivetoaboutelevenyoustartoffataprimaryschool,andthenfromeleventosixteenyougoontoasecondaryschooloracomprehensiveschoolandatsixteenyoutakeGCSEexaminations.Afterthis,somechildrentake...er...vocationalcoursesorevenstartwork.OthersstayonatschoolforanothertwoyearstotakeAlevels.Andattheageofeighteen,afterAlevels,theymightfinishtheireducationorgoontoacourseofhighereducationatacollegeoruniversity,andthat'susuallyforthreeyears.

M:

Well,itdependsonwhatstateyou'reinbut..,er...mostkidsintheUnitedStatesstartschoolataboutsix..,er...whentheygotoelementaryschoolandthatgoesfromthefirstgradeuptothesixthgrade.Somekidsgotoakindergartentheyearbeforethat.Thentheygoontojuniorhighschool,that'sabouteleven,andthat'stheseventh,eighthandninthgrades.Andthentheygoontoseniorhighschoolaroundagefourteen...er...startinginthetenthgradeandfinishinginthetwelfthgradeusually.Somestudents...er...willleaveschoolatsixteenandthey'llstartwork,but...er...mostofthemstayontograduate...er...fromhighschoolatageeighteen.Inthefirstyearathighschoolorcollegestudentsarecalled"freshmen,"inthesecondthey'recalled"sophomores,"inthethirdyear..,er...wecallthem"juniors"andinthefourthyearthey'recalled"seniors.'Now...er...alotofhighschoolgraduates...er...thengotocollegeoruniversityandtheydoafour-yearfirstdegreecourse.Someofthemmightgotojuniorcollege...er...whichisatwo-yearcourse.

N.Well,inAustralia,wellinmoststatesanyway,childrenstarttheirprimaryeducationatfiveafterperhapsabrieftimeinkindergarten.Theywillstayatprimaryschooluntilthey'reabouteleven,thenthey'lleitherstaythereorgotoanintermediateschoolforacoupleofyears.Thentheystarthighschoolusuallytwelveorthirteen,whichyoustartinthethirdform.Now,afterthreeyearsathighschool...um...yousitageneralexam,somestatescallitSchoolCertificate...er...andthatisasortofgeneralqualification.AfterthatyoucanleaveschoolatsixteenoryoucangoonandsityourUniversityEntranceExamination,whichthengivesyouentreeintoauniversityorit'sanotherusefulqualification,andfromthenonyougotovarioussortsofhighereducation.

EducationinCanadaisaprovincialresponsibility,butschoolsareadministeredbylocalschoolboards.

Kindergartenisforchildrenwhoarefourorfiveyearsold.Childrenbeginformalfull-dayschoolinginGrade1,whentheyareaboutsixyearsold.Theymuststayinschoolatleastuntiltheyaresixteen.However,moststudentscontinuetofinishhighschool.Somegoontocollegeoruniversity.

Eachyearofschoolingrepresentsonegrade.（TheschoolyearextendsfromthebeginningofSeptembertotheendofJune.）ElementaryschoolincludeskindergartentoaboutGrade8.Secondaryschool（orhighschool）maystartinGrade8,9,or10anditusuallycontinuesuntilGrade12.

InCanada,studentsmaygotouniversityortoacommunitycollege.Iftheywanttolearnskillsforaspecificjob,theyattendcollegeforonetofouryearstogetadiplomaorcertificate.Forexample,labtechnicians,child-careworkers,andhotelmanagersgotocollege.Universitiesofferdegreeprogramsaswellastrainingincertainprofessions,suchaslaw,medicine,andteaching.

Universitiesofferthreemainlevelsofdegrees.Studentsearnabachelor'sdegreeafterthreeorfouryearsofstudy.Amaster'sdegreecantakeanotheryearortwo.Adoctoratemaytakeafurtherthreetosevenyearstocomplete.

PartIIIRemarksonmoderneducation

A.

1.Educationhasacquiredakindofsnobvalueinmoderntimes.

2.Nowadaysifwewanttogetadecentjob,wehavetohaveapieceofpaper.

3.Ifwewanttogetpromotioninevenahumblestjob,wehavetoobtainacertificateoradiplomafirst.

4.Experienceandpracticalskillsareregardedasrelativelyunimportant.

5."Johnsonwould'vebeenamanagerbynowifhe'dtakenthetroubletogetadegree."

6."He'sacleverman,hecould'vedoneanythingifhe'dhadapropereducation.'

7.Woulditnotbebettertoallowpeopletobecomeexpertinawaymostsuitedtothemratherthanobligethemtofollowasetcourseofinstruction,whichmayoffernoopportunityforthemtodevelopskillsinwhichtheywould'vebecomeexpertiflefttothemselves?

B.

MajorviewpointsSupportingideasandfacts

StatementNumbers:

1,4,7StatementNumbers:

2,3,5,6

Tapescript.

Educationhasacquiredakindofsnobvalueinmoderntimes.Wearenolongercontenttobehonestcraftsmenskilledatourworkthroughyearsofpatientpractice.Nowadaysifwewanttogetadecentjob,wehavetohaveapieceofpaper.Ifwewanttogetpromotioninevenahumblestjob,wehavetoobtainacertificateoradiplomafirst.Wemayknowthatwewillbebetteratthejobthanthemanwiththepaperqualifications,butourexperienceandpracticalskillsareregardedasrelativelyunimportant."Johnsonwould'vebeenamanagerbynowifhe'dtakenthetroubletogetadegree,"hiscolleaguessay."He'sacleverman,hecould'vedoneanythingifhe'dhadapropereducation."Iwonderif,astimegoeson,weshoulddiscoverthatmanypeoplewhosepracticalexperienceandabilitywouldhavebeenenormouslyusefultotheiremployershavebeenrejectedonthegroundth