《英语口语1》第13单元自学指导.docx

《英语口语1》第13单元自学指导.docx

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《英语口语1》第13单元自学指导

《英语口语

（1）》第1-3单元自学指导

第1-3单元涉及的语言功能包括介绍、问候，邀请、通知，请求、提供帮助，所涉及的话题是结交西方朋友、邀请/被邀请时应注意的事项以及美国高等教育的现状。

一、文化背景知识

1．结交新朋友：

结交英语国家的朋友，要注意文化习惯的不同，有时会出现一个表达方法虽无语法、词汇方面的错误，却不能进行有效交流或造成误解的情况。

因此需注意：

·英美国家的人以他们特有的方式互相问候，问候语有正式、非正式之别；

初次见面时有些话题可以谈论，有些涉及个人生活和各种敏感性问题的话题不适宜谈论（Safetopics:

weather/sport/hobbies/movies/holidays/books/jobs/music/studies；Unsafetopics:

age/maritalstatus/income/property/religion/politicalviews/pricesofpersonalbelongings）

·英美国家的人在很多情况下不使用职业+姓氏这种称谓。

2．邀请

请客吃饭对于东西方有着不同的理解。

英语中有一句谚语“Weeattolive,notlivetoeat”（我们吃饭是为了生存，但生存不是为了吃饭），透过这句成语，也许我们可以理解为什么被外国朋友请去吃饭时发现“吃得很简单”。

做客需要注意的事项有：

·在吃饭过程中吸烟被认为是无礼的；

·在应邀吃饭时客人一般应按时或晚到几分钟，除非是非常要好的朋友，提前到或迟到很久被认为是失礼的；

·吃饭时主人会说“Helpyourself!

”或“Wouldyoulikesomemore?

”，客人应把自己盘里的饭菜吃掉，不要剩下；

·客人给主人带礼物通常考虑对方的年龄、爱好等，礼物不论轻重，包装一定要美观。

二、请参照下面的表格总结你的学习进展情况。

Functions

Usefulexpressions

Topics

Introducingoneself

Introducingothers

Respondingtointroductions

Greetings/replies

I'm…/Mynameis/Myname’s…/Bytheway,mynameis…Pleasecallme…Allowmetointroducemyself.I’mfrom…

Thisis…/Meet…Letmeintroduce/I’dliketointroduce/Allowmetointroduce/MayIhavethepleasureofintroducing…

Nicetomeetyou/Glad/pleased/happytomeetyou.

I’veheardsomuchaboutyou.

Hi/Hello/Howareyou/Howhaveyoubeen/Howareyoudoing?

/Howdoyoudo?

Hi/Hello!

Fine.Thanks./Howdoyoudo?

·WhattopicsofconversationaresuitablebetweenChineseandaWesterner?

Statethemandgiveyourreasons.

·Whatarethesensitiveissuesthatwe’dbetternottotouchonwhenwetalkwithforeigners?

Why?

·WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternersingreetingpeople/addressingpeople?

Statethemandgiveyourreasons.

Extending/Accepting/declininginvitations

Makingannouncements

Doyoufeellike/whatabout/howaboutdoingsth.

Iwaswonderingifyouwouldliketodosth?

That’saterrific/great/wonderfulidea.

Thatsoundslikea/great/wonderfulidea.

Thanksfortheinvitation/It’sveryniceofyoutoinviteus.

Sorry,butIhavetodosth./I’dloveto,butIwon’tbeableto/I’mafraidIcan’t.

Hello,everyone,Ihavegotsomethingtosay.

Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihaveanannouncementtomake/I’dliketotellyou…

Thankyouforyourattention.

·WhatisatypicalChineseguest/hostlike?

·WhatisatypicalWesternguest/hostlike?

·WhatdifferencesinculturedoyouseeataChinesedinnerpartyandaWesterndinnerparty?

Makingrequests/Respondingtorequests

Offeringtohelp/Respondingtooffers

Can/couldyoudosth.,please?

Will/wouldyoudosth.,please?

Wouldyouminddoingsth.?

Wouldyoubesokindastodosth.?

Sure/Certainly.

I’dbegladto.

Can/MayIhelpyou?

Wouldyoulikemetodosth?

ShallIdosth?

IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?

Yes,please.That’sverykindofyou.

Thanksfortheoffer,butIthinkIcanmanage.

WhatdifferencesdoyouknowbetweenChinesecollegesandAmericancolleges?

Whatextracurricularactivitiesdoyouenjoy?

三、以口头或笔头方式复习在下列情景中应如何提问／应答：

·You’reatajobinterview.Whatdoyousaytointroduceyourselftothedepartmentmanagerwhoistheinterviewer?

·YoumeetMrSmith,anAmericanfriendataparty.Greeteachotherandtalkabouttheweather,thecourseyouaretakingandtheworkyourfriendisengagedin.

·You’vejustgotajobatajoint-venturecompany.Itisyourfirstdayofwork.Introduceyourselftoyourcolleagueswithwhomyousharethesameoffice.

·You’rereadinginyourclassroom.AnAmericanmancomestothedoor,andintroduceshimselfasJackandwantstoseeoneofyourclassmates.Greethim,introduceyourself,andoffertolookfortheclassmateforhim.Whatdoyousay?

·Whatwouldyousaytoendaconversationwiththefollowingpersons:

anoldfriend/yourteacher/astrangerwhomyoujustmetorwhohasjusthelpedyou?

·You’vebeenaskedbyyouruniversitytogototheairporttomeetProfessorJones,afamousBritishwriter.You’veseenhisphotoandthinkthemanwho’scomingoutisProfessorJones.Approachhimandintroduceyourself.Whatdoyousay?

·You’retakingyourAmericanfriendPetertoyourChinesefriend’sbirthdayparty.Nowyou’vearrivedatyourfriend’shome.IntroducePeterandyourfriendtoeachother.

·Whatdoyousaytoacceptyourfriend’sinvitationtohavedinnerathishome?

Alsoaskifheneedsanythingthatyoucantaketohim.

·You’dliketoinviteyourclassmatetoplaytenniswithyouafterclass.Youknowhe’sbusywithhisstudy,butyouthinksomesportactivitieswilldogoodtohim.Whatdoyousay?

·You’dlikeverymuchtogowithyourfriendforamovietonightwhenheasksyou.Butyouhaveanightclassthatyoudon’twanttomiss.Whatdoyousaytohim?

·Yourfriendhastypedyourtermpaperforyou,anddidanexcellentjob.Whatdoyousaytoyourfriend?

·Youarehavingdinnerwithafriend.Youdon’treallylikethefood,butyoudon'twanttooffendyourfriend.Whatdoyousaytoyourfriendafterthedinner?

·Youarerepairingabrokenchairandneedsomehelp.YourfriendiswatchingTV.Whatwouldyousaytoaskforhelp?

You’dlikeyourroommatetoturnofftheTVsothatyoucangotosleep.Whatdoyousaytotellhimaboutthis?

《英语口语

（1））第4-6单元自学指导

第4-6单元涉及的语言功能包括道歉、感谢，建议、劝告，警告、命令，所涉及的话题是与讲英语人士约会应注意的事项、西方图书馆的使用和西方节日习俗。

一、文化背景知识

预约：

拜访他人之前先要做好安排，向被访者提出前去的目的、时间和地点，经双方商定后才能去拜访。

需注意在西方不但看病、到公司访问这类的事情需提前约定，像请教授批阅自己的作业、论文或者去好朋友家作客也需要提前预约。

与他人预约时间，说话应客气，应使用与人商量的婉转的口气。

感谢：

“Thankyou”在英语语言文化环境中比在中国文化环境中运用更频繁、广泛。

在英语文化环境中，人们对他人给予的巨大帮助要表示感谢，对举手之劳的小事也要表示感谢。

因此致谢的场合有很多，像找钱、回答询问、受到邀请、受到称赞等，都需表示感谢。

即使是学生交作业本给老师，老师也要说一声“Thankyou”。

实际上，只要一样东西从一个人手中传递到另一个人手中，第二个人都会说一声“Thankyou.”（参看阅读材料1）。

建议和劝告

西方人独立意识很强，所以除非他们要求你提建议，一般不要直截了当地建议别人“应该怎么样做”。

因此提建议常用委婉的表达方式（参看阅读材料2）。

二、请参照下面的表格总结你的学习进展情况。

Functions

Usefulexpressions

Topics

Thankingpeople

Makingapologies

Respondingtoapologies

Makingappointments

Thankyou./Thanksalot.

I’mgratefultoyoufor…

I’msorry.I’mverysorry.I’msosorry.

I’msorrytosaythat…/I’msorrybut…

Iapologizefor…

Nevermindaboutthat/it.

That’sallright.

Forgetit.

Itdoesn’tmatter.

It’snothingatall.

Howabout/whatabout+time/place?

Whattimeisconvenientforyou?

Areyoufree…?

∙IntheWesterncountriesisitcommontomakeappointmentstovisitprofessionalssuchasdoctors,dentists,barbers?

IsitcommontodosoinChina?

∙IntheWesterncountriesisitacceptable/commontocallatafriend’shouse/visitateacherwithoutphoningfirst?

Makingsuggestions

Givingadvice

Askingforadvice

Howabout/Whataboutdoingsth.?

Let’sdosth.

Youshould/oughttodosth.

You’dbetterdosth.

Isuggestyoudosth.

I（strongly）advise/wouldadviseyoutodosth.

Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?

Canyougivemesomeadvice?

Ineedyouradviceonsth.

∙Describeyourcity/community/schoollibrary.Whatfacilitiesdoesithave?

Howdoyoumakeuseofthelibraryforyourstudies?

∙Whatbooksdoyouliketoread?

GivingCommands

Givingwarnings.

Prohibitions.

Dosth.

Tellsb.nottodosth.

Youaretodosth.

Youarenotallowedtodosth.

Lookout!

/Watchout.

Takecarenottodosth.

Nosmoking.

∙Doyouknowofanyholidayswhenpeopleplaytricksoneachother?

∙WhatdoyouknowaboutHalloween/Thanks–givingDay/Christmas?

∙WhichtraditionalChinesefestivalisthemostimportantonetotheChinesepeople?

WhichfestivalisthemostimportantonetotheWesterners?

∙Whatisyourfavoritefestival?

Whatdoyouoftendoduringthefestival?

三、以口头或笔头方式复习在下列情景中应如何提问／应答：

∙Aclassmatetookyournotebookwithouttellingyou.Nowhehasreturnedit.Youdonotmindhisusingyournotebook,butyouwanthimtotellyouandgetyourpermissiontouseitfirst.Whatwouldyousay?

∙Youdroppedandbrokeyourfriend’steacup.Whatdoyousaytoapologize?

∙YouthinkyourEnglishteacherspeakssofastinclassthatyoucanhardlyfollowhim.Whatdoyousaytohim?

∙Yourfriendhasasorethroatandcan’tstopcoughing.Whatwouldyousaytoher?

∙Youhaveadifficultessaytowrite,butyoudon’tknowhowtoapproachit.Askyourfriendforadvice.Whatwouldyousaytohim/her?

∙You’relongingtotakeaweekendtripwithyourfriend.Thedaybeforeyougo,yourfriendcallstotellyouthatshehastoprepareforanexaminthecomingweek.Youfeeldisappointed.However,youwishyourfriendgoodluckandrearrangeforthetrip.Whatwouldyousay?

∙It’syourturntogivetheoralEnglishreportatthebeginningoftheclass.Butyouhaveforgottenthatandgotunprepared.Whatdoyousaytoapologizetothestudentsandtheteacher?

∙YouhaveanappointmentonWednesdaywithyourEnglishteachertotalkaboutyourtermpaper.Nowyourealiseyouneedtodomorelibraryresearchfirst.CallyourteacherandaskifyoucanchangeyourappointmenttoFriday.Whatwouldyousay?

∙Theflooriswet.Tellyourfriendtowatchhis/hersteps.Whataredifferentwaystowarnher?

∙Yourteacherhasspentaboutanhourtocorrectyourpapers.Youfeelgrateful.Whatwouldyousay?

四、阅读材料

Passage1SayingThanks

Expressionsofgratitudeandthanksarefoundineveryculture.Itiscommontosay“Thankyou”foraninvitation,apresent,anofferofhelp,etc.AlthoughsomenativespeakersofEnglishhavethereputationofbeinginformalintheirconversations,theyareaccustomedtousingasetofbehaviorandspeechpatternthatareculturallydefinedaspolite.

DifferencesarisebetweentheChineseandtheEnglish-speakingpeopleinthatweChinesedonotuse“Thankyou”sofrequentlybetweenfamilymembersorveryintimatefriendsasWesternersdo.IfoneshoulddosoinChina,itmightsoundstrangeorsuggestaremoterelationship.

However,then